The objective of this research was to evaluate the suitability whey permeate powder for ice cream. Three white mixes were formulated with equivalent total solids, fat, and carbohydrates, but different concentrations lactose added sugar. Vanilla creams contained either reduced (RL, 3.8% 17% sugar), standard (SL, 5.8%; 15%), or high (HL, 7.8%; 13%). Trained panelists evaluated 8 body texture, 6 f...

Photocatalytic membrane was successfully prepared using an efficiently high surface area TiO2 catalyst, dispersed into polyacrylonitrile matrix. The catalyst was directly synthesized using titanium triisopropanolamine as a precursor. The membranes were characterized using FT-IR, TGA, SEM and their photocatalytic performance tested, viz. stability, permeate flux and photocatalytic degradation of...

A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of frequency aging in the rubidium atomic clock. Helium permeation is one such mechanism. Briefly, the four millitorr of helium in the Earth’s atmosphere can permeate into the resonance cell, changing the clock frequency via the pressure shift of the 0-0 hyperfine transition. On orbit, any He in the resonance cell would permeat...

A two-step-cascade membrane separation by ultrafiltration was performed on caprine milk prepared under different temperature conditions to eliminate beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) from the whey fraction. Effects of temperature treatment and membrane pore size on the elimination of β-Lg and retention of alpha-lactalbumin (α-La) were examined to determine the optimum permeate fraction for production o...

Crossflow membrane filtration was used to process recombinant Escherichia coli cell lysates containing protein inclusion bodies after high pressure homogenization. The number of passes through the high pressure homogenizer changed the viscosities and average particle sizes of the cell lysates. The different cell lysates were processed with a hollow fiber unit containing microfiltration membrane...

Nanofiltration (NF) is a high-pressure membrane filtration process increasingly applied in drinking water treatment and water reuse processes. NF typically rejects divalent salts, organic matter, and micropollutants. However, the efficiency of NF is adversely affected by membrane biofouling, during which microorganisms adhere to the membrane and proliferate to create a biofilm. Here we show tha...

In general, the method of choice to characterize the conductance properties of channel-forming bacterial porins is electrophysiology. Here, the classical method is to reconstitute single porins into planar lipid bilayers to derive functional information from the observed channel conductance. In addition to an estimated pore size, ion selectivity or transport properties in general are of importa...

Recent findings regarding nanofiltration (NF) have led to indications that it can be successfully used for separation of various biological solutions. As a novelty, this paper is the first investigate impact feed pretreatment process on NF membrane performance 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) fermentation broths. For purpose, prior process, was purified by microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) ...