background and objectives: pharmaceutical expenditures are responsible for a major part of health systems’ cost. according to the who’s statistics, iran is the first among the 20 countries in the world in terms of drug consumption. the first step in controlling consumption of a particular good is to identify factor inducing the relevant demands. hence, this study aimed to identify the pattern a...

Excess sludge treatment is indispensable in sewage plants. This study aims to reduce the excess material from activated and establish a mathematical model. Sludge dissolution rates were calculated by measuring total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) soluble COD (SCOD) with regard water quality before after pretreatment. Then, reduction effects obtained means of suspended solid (SS) changes. The maj...