Many studies have shown that pharmaceutical marketing affects prescribing choices. Studies that have assessed the effects of educational interventions on perceptions of pharmaceutical promotion have found mixed results. This study assesses the short-term effects of an educational intervention about marketing tactics on the attitudes and fund of knowledge of residents, medical students, and atte...

background: pain as a main social problem has involved millions of people. usually pharmaceutical methods use for treating pain but they have side effects which make them less effective. massage is one of the effective ways for reducing pain after surgery. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of massage therapy on pain severity in orthopedic patients. methods: this is a clinical tri...

If one could design a metabolic intervention to prevent incident or recurrent cardiovascular events, it might look a lot like torcetrapib. Torcetrapib is the first cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor extensively studied in humans. Torcetrapib, in addition to statin therapy, raised high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by 70%, lowered low-density lipoprotein by 25%, and lowered triglyce...

IDPs (intrinsically disordered proteins) are common in eukaryotic genomes and have regulatory roles. In the cell, they are disordered, although not completely random. They bind weakly, but specifically, often remaining partially disordered even when bound. Whereas folded globular proteins have 'executive' roles in the cell, IDPs have an essential administrative function, making sure that the ex...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large class of transmembrane proteins that play critical roles in both normal physiology and pathophysiology. These critical roles offer targets for therapeutic intervention, as exemplified by the substantial fraction of current pharmaceutical agents that target members of this family. Tremendous contributions to our understanding of GPCR structure...

Emerging research suggests that physical activity may be an effective non-pharmaceutical intervention approach for childhood developmental disorders. Findings indicate that both single bouts of activity and chronic physical activity associate with improved mental health and classroom performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and children with autism spectrum disorder...

Most research on mall visit intention emphasized the store atmosphere and shopping values. In current situation of COVID-19 pandemic, consumers may postpone visiting malls due to health risks. A limited number studies consider risk perception as antecedent intention. Furthermore, even though role non-pharmaceutical intervention is relevant context only a few are looking at this variable behavio...

An abundance of data unequivocally shows that exercise can be an effective tool in the fight against obesity and its associated co-morbidities.(1) Indeed, physical activity can be more effective than widely-used pharmaceutical interventions. Whilst metformin reduces the incidence of diabetes by 31% (as compared with a placebo) in both men and women across different racial and ethnic groups, lif...