We present an experimental scheme that achieves ideal phase detection on a two-mode field. The two modes a and b are the signal and image band modes of an heterodyne detector, with the field approaching an eigenstate of the photocurrent Ẑ = a + b†. The field is obtained by means of a high-gain phase-insensitive amplifier followed by a high-transmissivity beam-splitter with a strong local oscill...

Ultrashort pulse light-matter interactions in a semiconductor are investigated within the regime of resonant optical rectification. Using pulse envelope areas of around 1.5-3.5 pi, a single-shot dependence on carrier-envelope-offset phase (CEP) is demonstrated for 5 fs pulse durations. A characteristic phase map is predicted for several different frequency regimes using parameters for thin-film...

The magnetic alloy loaded radio-frequency system has been installed in the KEK 12 GeV synchrotron. This system is a high field gradient radio-frequency system and is designed to operate not only as a fundamental harmonic system to increase the insufficient matching voltage, supplied by 4 conventional ferrite cavities but also as a second radiofrequency system to alleviate the space charge effec...

Cartesian products of graphs and hypergraphs have been studied since the 1960s. For (un)directed hypergraphs, unique prime factor decomposition (PFD) results with respect to the Cartesian product are known. However, there is still a lack of algorithms, that compute the PFD of directed hypergraphs with respect to the Cartesian product. In this contribution, we focus on the algorithmic aspects fo...

Cartesian products of graphs and hypergraphs have been studied since the 1960s. For (un)directed hypergraphs, unique prime factor decomposition (PFD) results with respect to the Cartesian product are known. However, there is still a lack of algorithms, that compute the PFD of directed hypergraphs with respect to the Cartesian product. In this contribution, we focus on the algorithmic aspects fo...

It is well-known that all finite connected graphs have a unique prime factor decomposition (PFD) with respect to the strong graph product which can be computed in polynomial time. Essential for the PFD computation is the construction of the so-called Cartesian skeleton of the graphs under investigation. In this contribution, we show that every connected thin hypergraph H has a unique prime fact...

This work is concerned with the prime factor decomposition (PFD) of strong product graphs. A new quasi-linear time algorithm for the PFD with respect to the strong product for arbitrary, finite, connected, undirected graphs is derived. Moreover, since most graphs are prime although they can have a product-like structure, also known as approximate graph products, the practical application of the...

We demonstrate a new type of spatial phase-shifting, dynamic interferometer that can acquire phase-shifted interferograms in a single camera frame. The interferometer is constructed with a pixelated phase-mask aligned to a detector array. The phase-mask encodes a high-frequency spatial interference pattern on two collinear and orthogonally polarized reference and test beams. The phase-differenc...

A fully integrated dual-mode frequency synthesizer for GSM and Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) is presented. The synthesizer is designed to maximize hardware sharing between the two modes by applying fractional frequency synthesis to GSM mode and integer frequency synthesis to WCDMA mode. The shared components include phase frequency detector (PFD), charge pump (CP), loop filter, integer frequency divide...

The cores of the ADPLL-based frequency synthesizer are digital controlled oscillator (DCO) and phase frequency detector (PFD). A modified digitally controlled delay element (DCDE) with characteristics of its monotonicity and insensitivity to PVT variations is presented for the DCO design. We also proposed a new PFD architecture that can finish phase and frequency comparison and adjustment in on...