Abstract The {0001} basal plane delamination dominating the crack-wake bridging in MAX phases at a bulk scale has been investigated by studying small-scale fracture of Ti 3 SiC 2 . In situ micro-double cantilever beam (DCB) tests scanning electron microscope were used to grow stable crack along plane, measure energy, and study propagation mechanism nanoscale. results show that energy (10–50 J/m...

The third law of thermodynamics constrains the phase diagram of systems with a first-order quantum phase transition. For a zero conjugate field, the coexistence curve has an infinite slope at T=0. If a tricritical point exists at T>0, then the associated tricritical wings are perpendicular to the T=0 plane, but not to the zero-field plane. These results are based on the third law and basic ther...

We measure the M/# and the bit-error rate of a digital holographic storage system with a 4f optical arrangement for three configurations: recording at the Fourier plane with and without a phase mask and recording outside the Fourier plane without a phase mask. Unexpectedly, no significant change in the dynamic range was observed when a phase mask was used to record in thick crystals. However, w...

Received June 14, 1993; revised manuscript received July 27, 1993; accepted August 2, 1993 The cross talk between holograms multiplexed with Walsh-Hadamard phase codes is analyzed. Each hologram is stored with a reference beam that consists of N phase-coded plane waves. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is calculated for a recording schedule for which the center of each stored image coincides wit...

Analysis of electromagnetic planewave propagation in a medium which is a spatiotemporally homogeneous, temporally nonlocal, isotropic, chiral medium in a co–moving frame of reference shows that the medium is both spatially and temporally nonlocal with respect to all non–co–moving inertial frames of reference. Using the Lorentz transformations of electric and magnetic fields, we show that plane ...

Certain phase retrieval methods use knowledge about the free space propagation of a wave to phase a paraxial beam passing through one or more measurement planes. This approach has been widely applied and has been shown to quantitatively retrieve the refractive index profile of a sample. The quality of the phase retrieval will depend on a range of factors including sample feature size, propagati...

We investigate the uniqueness of the plane-wave decomposition of temporally deterministic, spatially random fields. Specifically, we consider the decomposition of spatially ergodic and, thus, statistically homogeneous fields. We show that when the spatial power spectrum is injective, the plane waves are the only possible coherent modes. Furthermore, the randomness of such fields originates in t...