Abstract. Phased array antennas (PAAs) offer many advantages including steering without physical movement, accurate beam pointing, increased scan flexibility in two dimensions, precise PAA element phase and amplitude control to obtain low sidelobes, and reduced power consumption and weight. The complexity associated with controlling the many thousand array elements, while handling the broad ban...

Phased array can interrogate large structural areas from a single location using ultrasonic guided waves generated by tuned piezoelectric wafer active sensors that are permanently attached (embedded) to the structure. Various array parameters determine the array beamforming and steering characteristics. This paper aims to bring up several one or two dimension array designs and research on their...

In patch antennas, characteristics such as high gain, beam scanning, or steering capability are possible only when discrete patch elements are combined to form arrays. The elements of an array may be spatially distributed to form a linear, planar, or volume array. Planar arrays have elements distributed on a plane. Planar array configurations are extensively used in both communication and radar...