The desire for lightweight nanoporous materials with high-performance thermal insulation and efficient anti-ablation resistance for energy conservation and thermal protection/insulation has greatly motivated research and development recently. The main challenge to synthesize such lightweight materials is how to balance the relationship of low thermal conductivity and flame retardancy. Herein, w...

Pyrolysis of phenolic resins leads to carbon formation. Simulating this resin-to-carbon process atomistically is a daunting task. In this paper, we attempt to model the initial stage of this process by using the ReaxFF reactive force field, which bridges quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical methods. We run molecular dynamics simulations to examine the evolution of small molecules at diff...

The flexural creep behavior of oriented strandboards (OSB) fabricated with mixed high, density hardwood flakes was investigated. Three types of adhesives, liquid phenolic-formaldehyde (LPF), melamine modified urea-formaldehyde (MUF),.and LPF (face)/MUF (core) were chosen in this investigation. The resin contents (RC) used were 3.5 percent and 5.0 percent. The flakes prepared from white oak, sou...

Furfural and cashew nut shell liquid are both renewable resources that can be used for the manufacture of a multitude useful products. Herein this review is studied to made concerning replacement phenol aldehyde compounds in phenolic resin. Cardanol phenol-based by-product having an unsaturated alkyl chain thus promising substitute development This focuses on synthesis process modified resin by...

The Py-GC/MS results of the study carried out on two groups of vitrinites (perhydrous and non-perhydrous) of di€erent age and properties and on a trimaceralic coal associated with one of the perhydrous group are discussed. Such a study provides information about the e€ect of natural hydrogen enrichment on vitrinite structure at the molecular level. Moreover, the in ̄uence of the di€erent conditi...

Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) processes have been proven to be cost-effective manufacturing techniques for large composite structures. However, their use has been limited to single resin systems. A large variety Of composite structures requires multiple resins to serve different purposes while being integrated into a single structure. Significant environmental cost savings are ...

Interest in renewable biofuel sources has intensified in recent years, leading to greatly increased production of ethanol and its primary coproduct, Distillers Dried Grain with Solubles (DDGS). Consequently, the development of new outlets for DDGS has become crucial to maintaining the economic viability of the industry. In light of these developments, this preliminary study aimed to determine t...