The concentration values of direct and indirect biomarkers of ethanol consumption were detected in blood (indirect) or hair (direct) samples from a pool of 125 individuals classified as either chronic (i.e. positive) and non-chronic (i.e. negative) alcohol drinkers. These experimental values formed the dataset under examination (Table 1). Indirect biomarkers included: aspartate transferase (AST...

tive Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide but Not Ethyl Sulfate in the Detection of Recent Alcohol Consumption, Anders Helander and Helen Dahl (Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; * address correspondence to this author at: Alcohol Laboratory, L7:03, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; fax 46-8-51771532, e-ma...

The title compound, C(16)H(21)NP(+)·I(-), was obtained by the reaction of Ph(2)PN((i)Pr)P(Ph)N((i)Pr)H with MeI involving cleavage of one of the P-N bonds in diethyl ether. The two phenyl rings form a dihedral angle of 82.98 (5)°. A weak donor-acceptor N-H⋯I inter-action is observed.

In the title compound, C(38)H(37)NO(3), the pyran ring has an envelope conformation with the quaternary C(q) atom as the flap atom. The dihedral angle formed between the meth-oxy-phenyl group and the naphthalene ring system is 67.32 (6)°. The ethyl-amino groups lie to the same side of the plane through the phenyl ring and form dihedral angles of 84.6 (3) and 75.8 (2)° with it.

In the title compound, C(28)H(27)NO(5)S, the five-membered pyrrolidine ring, which exhibits an envelope conformation (the C atom at the spiral junction being the flap atom), makes dihedral angles of 57.37 (10) and 86.84 (8)°, respectively, with the phenyl ring and the acenaphthyl-ene ring system. In the crystal, mol-ecules associate via two C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming R(2) (2)(20) and R(2) (2...

In the title compound, C(29)H(27)NO(6)S, the sulfonyl-bound phenyl ring is almost perpendicular to the indole ring system [dihedral angle = 87.96 (6)°], while the benzyl-phenyl ring is oriented at an angle of 76.8 (7)°. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked into a zigzag C(10) chain along the b axis by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen ...

The title compound, C(45)H(34)O(4), is the product of a tandem 'pincer' Diels-Alder reaction consisting of two consecutive [4 + 2] cyclo-additions between two 2-benzofuran units and ethyl propiolate. The mol-ecule comprises a fused hexa-cyclic system containing four five-membered rings, which are in the usual envelope conformation, and two six-membered rings. In addition, four phenyl rings are ...