Prototypical items within a semantic category are processed faster than atypical items within the same category. This typicality effect reflects normal representation and processing of semantic categories and when absent may be reflective of lexical-semantic deficits. We examined typicality effects in individuals with semantic and nonsemantic variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA; semant...

Phonological processing deficits are characteristic of both the agrammatic and logopenic subtypes of primary progressive aphasia (PPA-G and PPA-L). However, it is an open question which substages of phonological processing (i.e., phonological word form retrieval, phonological encoding) are impaired in these subtypes of PPA, as well as how phonological processing deficits contribute to anomia. I...

It is well established that scenes and objects elicit a highly selective response in specific brain regions in the ventral visual cortex. An inherent difference between these categories that has not been explored yet is their perceived distance from the observer (i.e. scenes are distal whereas objects are proximal). The current study aimed to test the extent to which scene and object selective ...

BACKGROUND Selective spatial regulation of gene expression lies at the core of pattern formation in the embryo. In the fruit fly Drosophila, localized transcriptional regulation accounts for much of the embryonic pattern. RESULTS We identified a gene, partner of paired (ppa), whose properties suggest that localized receptors for protein degradation are integrated into regulatory networks of t...

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic enteritis that affects ruminants and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). The disease is worldwide spread and causes important economic losses. In Brazil, Map has already been isolated, but there are no enough epidemiological studies about its prevalence. In this study, 179 sera of dairy cows originated from Rio de Janei...

The establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly of no-take areas, is often viewed as a conflict between conservation and fishing. Partially protected areas (PPAs) that restrict some extractive uses are often regarded as a balance between biodiversity conservation and socio-economic viability. Few attempts have been made to generalize the ecological effects of PPAs. We synthesiz...

Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) typically presents with left-hemisphere predominant rostral temporal lobe atrophy and the most significant complaints within the language domain. Less frequently, patients present with right-hemisphere predominant temporal atrophy coupled with marked impairments in processing of famous faces and emotions. Few studies have objectively compared...

Changes in organ morphology have been essential to the evolution of novel body forms and in permitting organisms to invade new ecological niches. Changes in the arrangement of cells and tissues and in the regulation of morphological movements are fundamental to evolutionary transitions of organ shape and function. However, little is known about the genetic and developmental control of these cha...

One of the most important modes of planet/solar wind interaction are “foreshock transients” such as hot flow anomalies (HFAs). Here we present early observations by the NASAMars Atmosphere and Voltatile EvolutioN spacecraft, confirming their presence at Mars and for the first time at an unmagnetized planet revealing the underlying ion perturbations that drive the phenomenon, finding them to be ...

In the literature, it remains uncertain whether methylxanthines inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We examined the effects of theophylline and of S 9795, a new methylxanthine derivative, on multipoint mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa)/cardiac index (Q) relationships in 31 intact dogs, ventilated alternately in hyperoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen, FIO2 0.4) and in hypoxia (FIO2 ...