A number of theoretical models predict that the slope of the Phillips curve increases with trade openness, but cross-country studies provide little evidence for such a correlation. We highlight two reasons for this …nding. Firstly, the strength of the relationship may depend on the extent of exchange rate adjustment, which is a potential determinant of output and in‡ation dynamics in open econo...

The studies on Phillips curves relating the rate of unemployment to the rate of inflation are the results of the search for a reliable tool for forecasting inflation and implementing monetary policy. The original Phillips curve has attracted considerable attention and since then, it has undergone several important changes. Although the evidence of a negative relationship between the rate of cha...

The Phillips-Perron unit root test was used to test for unit roots, using level or trend nonstationarity as the null [1]. (A unit root tests whether a variable y evolves as a random walk, i.e., with the dynamic relation yt = yt-1 + constant + deterministic trend + errort.) The KPSS test [1,2], which uses level or trend stationarity as the null, was used to confirm the results of the Phillips-Pe...