The aim of this paper is to point out the salient patterns agreement and dis- between Alf Ross Hans Kelsen's analyses valid law efficacy. I argue that disagreement has character systemic postulation on part both interlocutors. My main thesis not one philosophical principle, but must be resolved basis pragmatic considerations, i.e., choice two valid-law schemes pertains neither necessity nor tru...

ṣadr al-muti’allihīn shīrāzī is the founder of a school known as transcendental philosophy. employing the heritage of his predecessors, he has opened a new way before seekers of the truth. one of the features of his philosophical school is the frequent use of the verses of the qur’ān and traditions of the infallibles (a.s.) in his philosophical works. on the basis of the philosophical principle...

the aim of this research is survey of bandura theoretical foundation of self efficacy include psychological, social, and philosophical base. in this research use analytic – deduction research method to achieve the aim. thus as psychological basis, the concepts of reciprocal determinism, consciousness, learning and finally the human agency will be discussed. under the social basis the effect of ...

the school of tafkik rejects reason and philosophical arguments to understand religious propositions and religious beliefs. they hold that the philosophical approach to understand religion is inconsistent to revealed religion. thus, the only true way to understand religion is revealed one. the purpose of this paper is to examine the approach of the school of tafkik and its arguments. in this ar...