Phobia in its broadest sense is an irrational fear or feeling, created a person toward object certain situation that might happen around him his imagination and it can be related to natural elements such as animals, insects, oceans, fire heights. Furthermore, build environment manmade spaces more simply, architecture. Unfortunately, architects shifted from the standardisation regularity creatin...

Behavioral therapy techniques for treating phobias often includes graded exposure of the patient to anxiety-producing stimuli (Systematic Desensitization). However, in utilizing systematic desensitization, research reviews demonstrate that many patients appear to have difficulty imaging the prescribed anxiety-evoking scene. They also express strong aversion to experiencing real situations. This...

A deeper understanding of the phenomena which we classify as mental illness depends more on the development of a broadly based science of human nature than it does on the specialized study of "psychopathology." In order for mankind to benefit fully from this science, the contributions, understanding, and application of it must transcend specialized or disciplinary boundaries (2). It is to the s...

F LOODING IN VW0 is a method of treating phobias by rapid exposure in real life to the feared object or situation, maintaining maximum tolerable anxiety until it begins to diminish, then continuing closer and closer exposure until the patient or client is comfortable in the situation which was previously feared.‘vZ Informally, flooding in vivo is one of the most ancient of therapeutic methods, ...

Psychiatric morbidity among individuals at high risk of acquiring HIV infection has been reported in the form of anxiety, phobias and panic. We report three cases of seronegative men indulging in high risk behavior who continued to manifest somatization disorder despite the knowledge of their serostatus. Possible reasons and implications for future work are discussed.

Worldwide, urbanization has created completely novel environments, which bring many conveniences but carry several drawbacks too. One of the most important disadvantages is that people living in cities lose contact with nature including interaction animals. Current evidence shows countries lower levels also have a prevalence animal fears and phobias. Here, we sought to test whether relatedness ...