M. Gonella, MD, Servizio di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale S. Spirito, I-15033 Casale Monferrato (Italy) Dear Sir, Despite early suggestions about aluminum (Al) absoφtion and toxicity in renal failure [ 1 ], Al hydroxide was widely used as a phosphate binder until a few years ago. In the late 70s, Al metabolism was more deeply investigated and its deposition in various tissues was found to be c...

BACKGROUND Mineral bone disorder (MBD) is an early complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with complex interactions in the bone-kidney-energy axis. These events lead to impaired bone remodelling, which in turn is associated with cardiovascular disease. Recently, we reported on a positive effect of phosphate binder treatment on bone remodelling markers and a reduction in serum FGF-23 leve...

Dietary modification is recognised as a corner–stone in the management of chronic renal failure (CRF), which is a common, generally progressive, condition in the geriatric cat. Key recommendations have included restriction of dietary phosphate and protein; however, there have been few reports of dietary intervention studies in cats with naturally occurring CRF. The study reported here showed th...

binders are of prime importance in the agglomeration of iron ore concentrates. in this research, strength and density of briquette produced from the magnetite concentrate of gol-e-gohar were investigated using different binders at various applied pressures. the results showed that peridor was the most effective binder relative to bentonite and lime. for all types of binders, the increase in bin...

Hyperphosphatemia management is integral to the management of patients with chronic kidney disease. This mineral abnormality is associated with greater costs, but so is its management, especially with the use novel phosphate binders. The economic evaluation of these pharmaceutical agents is increasingly needed to provide evidence for value of money spent and inform resource allocation. Recently...

preventing increases in calcium-phosphate product, secondary hyperparathyroidism and ultimately VC. CKD patients develop extensive medial calcification, which contributes to higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [2] . In addition to elderly age, male gender, inflammation, mineral metabolism abnormalities and diabetes, new potential factors are emerging which help to better understand th...