Motivated by the design of an integrated CMOS-based detection platform, a simulation model for CCD and CMOS imager-based luminescence detection systems is developed. The model comprises four parts. The first portion models the process of photon flux generation from luminescence probes using ATP-based and luciferase label-based assay kinetics. An optics simulator is then used to compute the inci...

A novel structure of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) is proposed. The proposed structure uses the benefits of the axial flux path, short flux path, segmental rotor, and flux reversal free stator motors all together to improve the torque density of the SRMs. The main geometrical, electrical and physical specifications are presented. In addition, some features of the proposed structure are comp...

We consider dissipative effects occurring in the optically thick inner parts of the rela-tivistic outflows producing gamma-ray bursts and X-ray flashes, emphasizing specially the Comptonization of the thermal radiation flux that is advected from the base of the outflow. Such dissipative effects –e.g. from magnetic reconnection, neutron decay or shocks – would boost the energy density of the the...

Despite the very small electron beam emittance in thirdgeneration light sources, the horizontal size of the emitted x-ray beam is still determined mainly by the electron beam divergence. Providing a converging electron beam in an undulator straight section can significantly decrease the spot size of the downstream x-rays, which leads to an increase in the photon flux density on the user sample....

We present a systematic, multiparameter study of Rb/(129)Xe spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) in the regimes of high xenon pressure and photon flux using a 3D-printed, clinical-scale stopped-flow hyperpolarizer. In situ NMR detection was used to study the dynamics of (129)Xe polarization as a function of SEOP-cell operating temperature, photon flux, and xenon partial pressure to maximize (12...

It is standard in theoretical neutrino astrophysics to use a broken power law approximation, based on the Band function, to describe the average photon flux of the prompt emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts. We will show that this approximation overestimates the contribution of high energy γ-rays (and underestimates low energy γ-rays). As a consequence models that rely on this approximation overestima...

This protocol outlines methods to measure vascular parameters, including angiogenesis (e.g., vascular density, length, diameter) and hemodynamics (e.g., erythrocyte velocity), in tumors and normal vascular networks in mice. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran is injected into the tail vein of mice to visualize microvessels within 150 μm (using single-photon microscopy) or ~600 μm (using m...

Axial field flux switching motor with sandwiched permanent magnet (AFFSSPM) is a novel of flux switching motor. Based on the vector control method, the mathematical model of the AFFSSPM is derived and the operating performance of the AFFSSPM in the overall operating region is investigated.A novel control method for the AFFSSPM drive system, including the id =0, maximum torque per ampere, consta...

The scalable application of quantum information science will stand on reproducible and controllable high-coherence quantum bits (qubits). Here, we revisit the design and fabrication of the superconducting flux qubit, achieving a planar device with broad-frequency tunability, strong anharmonicity, high reproducibility and relaxation times in excess of 40 μs at its flux-insensitive point. Qubit r...

The absolute flux of a femtosecond vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photon source based on the high-order harmonic generation of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser and monochromatized with a grating monochromator is determined both on a shot-to-shot basis and averaged over seconds by a calibrated gas monitor detector. The average flux is compared with the average flux as determined with a calibrated GaAsP...