Abstract Exploration of upconversion luminescence from lanthanide emitters through energy migration has profound implications for fundamental research and technology development. However, migration-mediated requires stringent experimental conditions, such as high power excitation special migratory ions in the host lattice, imposing selection constraints on emitters. Here we demonstrate photon d...

background: during radiotherapy treatment, critical organs are shielded using lead and cerrobend blocks. the objective of this study is to compare the effects of lead and cerrobend shielding blocks on incident photon beam. methods: collimator scatter factors were measured for open square fields (3 x 3 cm to 40 x 40 cm) defined by collimator jaws and for fields blocked down to smaller asymmetric...

2-photon polymerization is a promising technology for creating complex, microscale 3D matrices biomedical and also bioprinting applications. Cancer research provides compelling uses this strategy, in particular, generating constraint around multicellular spheroids. Because these spheroids are inhomogeneous size shape, the ability to target spheroid composed of few living cells requires geometri...