Plant-herbivore interactions provide well studied examples of coevolution, but little is known about how such interactions are influenced by the third trophic level. Here we show that larvae of the specialized lepidopteran herbivore Heliothis subflexa reduce their vulnerability to natural enemies through adaptation to a remarkable and previously unknown feature of their host plant, Physalis ang...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms of physalin F, an effective purified extract of Physalis angulata L. (Solanacae), in renal carcinoma A498 cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Physalin F was observed to significantly induce cytotoxicity of three human renal carcinoma A498, ACHN, and UO-31 cells in a concentration-dependent manner; this was especially...

Kolesterol merupakan lipid dalam darah yang diproduksi oleh hati. juga faktor resiko dari penyakit kardiovaskular. Pada tahun 2018 dilaporkan 1,5% penduduk Indonesia setara dengan 1.017.290 jiwa menderita kardiovaskular dan diperkirakan akan terus bertambah setiap tahunnya. Ini mengakibatkan permintaan obat anti kolesterol pun semakin tinggi. Artikel tinjauan ini dibuat untuk mengkaji tanaman m...