High concentrations of acid were found to arise from the interaction between molten rock and seawater at the shoreline of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. A series of field samplings and experiments show that the acid was derived from two sources: the release of magmatic volatiles and water–rock reactions. Although the bulk of the magmatic volatiles (CO2, H2O, and SO2) are vented at Puu Oo cinder cone ...

In 2010, the American pika (Ochotona princeps fenisex) was denied federal protection based on limited evidence of persistence in low-elevation environments. Studies in nonalpine areas have been limited to relatively few environments, and it is unclear whether patterns observed elsewhere (e.g., Bodie, CA) represent other nonalpine habitats. This study was designed to establish pika presence in a...

rolling-based seismic isolation systems, in which rollers of circular or non-circular section are used, are less expensive and easier to manufacture. however, this type of isolation suffers from either lack of restoring or re-centering capability, or weakness against uplift forces. to resolve the first shortcoming the use of elliptical as well as pillow-shape rolling parts has been suggested, a...

A nurse who claims her 'excessive pillow plumping' led to an unfair police record has won a landmark court ruling.

[1] We present new evidence for volcanic eruptions and lava flow emplacement on Venus within the last several decades. An integrated study of a radar‐dark lava flow unit in Bereghinia Planitia on Venus (∼28°E, ∼39°N) based on Magellan data obtained in 1993 reveals a significant apparent microwave thermal emission excess, consistent with increased subsurface temperature due to very recent lava f...

Athabasca Valles is a young outflow channel system on Mars that may have been carved by catastrophic water floods. However, images acquired by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft reveal that Athabasca Valles is now entirely draped by a thin layer of solidified lava-the remnant of a once-swollen river of molten rock. The lava e...

Distribution Endemic to the six largest Ha-waiian islands. Size Greatly variable, typically reaches 20–24 m (66–79 ft) in height; may be much smaller on lava rock or boggy soils. Habitat Wide range, 1–2500 m (1–8200 ft) elevation with rainfall of 400–10,000 mm (16–400 in). Largest component of lowland and mon-tane wet and mesic forests, dry forests, subal-pine shrublands, and new lava flows. Ve...

Tracking the level of the lava lake in Halema‘uma‘u Crater, at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i, is an essential part of monitoring the ongoing eruption and forecasting potentially hazardous changes in activity. We describe a simple automated image processing routine that analyzes continuously-acquired thermal images of the lava lake and measures lava level. The method uses three image se...

Obsidian is a language for data-parallel programming embedded in Haskell. As the Obsidian programs are run, C code is generated. This C code can be compiled for an NVIDIA 8800 series GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), or for other high-end NVIDIA GPUs. The idea is that the style of programming used in Lava for structural hardware design [2] can be applied to data-parallel programming as well. Ther...

[1] Throughout February and March 1997, Okmok Volcano, in the eastern Aleutian Islands of Alaska, erupted a 6-km-long lava flow of basaltic 0a0a within its caldera. In the first part of the study a numerical model for lava flow cooling was developed by Patrick et al. and applied to the flow to better understand the nature of its cooling. In this second part of the study, the model predictions f...