AbstractBacterial infection is one of the biggest health issues in animals and humans. Antibiotic commonly used bacterial therapy, yet antibiotic misuse can lead into resistance. This means less effective therapy resistant bacteria. Green betel leaf has been known as traditional herbal medicine with rich essential oil consists phenol several derivatives that have antibacterial activity. The res...

The betel plant (Piper betle L) is a that has the ability as an antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant. In order to make essential oil more efficient use, made into microemulsion. purpose of this study was determine effect stirring time temperature on characteristics microemulsions best produce microemulsion characteristics. This experiment used randomized block design (RBD) using two factor...

Rapid increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes (DM2) in Papua New Guinea, coupled with compelling epidemiological evidence supporting a diabetogenic association with betel quid (BQ) chewing has lead us to investigate dietary strategies that might offer protection from developing DM2. We investigated the dietary habits of Kalo residents from coastal Central Province who are avid BQ chewers y...

In this study, antimicrobial and synergistic activity of ingredients of betel quid i.e. kattha, lime, betel leaf, betel nut, cardamom, clove and fennel seeds was tested against microbial population of oral cavity and four enteric pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Shigell flexneri. For this purpose two methods were used. Pour plate method was used for...

chewed 20 betel quids daily for 25 years, presented with a 3−day history of melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) dis− closed an ulcerated tumor 3 cm in size in the antrum (l" Fig. 1). Biopsy of the tu− mor revealed acute and chronic inflam− mation. The patient quit chewing betel quids. Because of a strong suspicion of malignancy, EGD was repeated 5 days lat− er. It showed ulcers, from 0.5 t...

BACKGROUND The transgenerational metabolic effects of betel-quid chewing have been reported in mice but not in humans. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether exposure to paternal chewing of betel nut quids led to an increased risk of early manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in human offspring. DESIGN The subjects were selected from 66,971 residents aged >19 y who attend...

BACKGROUND Despite the fact that betel-quid is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances worldwide and a major risk-factor for head-and-neck cancer incidence and mortality globally, currently no standardized instrument is available to assess the reasons why individuals chew betel-quid. A measure to assess reasons for chewing betel-quid could help researchers and clinicians develop p...

BACKGROUND Betel nut and betel quid chewing are from major etiological factor for oral cancer. They also increase the risk of systemic diseases such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. METHODS Sixty three patients of oral cancer in our institution during Jan. 2007 to May 2011 were included in our study. This...