Denavit Hartenberg (D-H) Kinematic structure representation of robot having revolute joint normally have fix arm length a, offset distance d, twist angle α and only varied joint angle θ. This paper introduce two (2) inputs variable of twist angle α and joint variable θ besides fix value of arm length a and offset distance d. Variable value of α and θ are dependent on polar electromagnetic actua...

[1] Suprathermal electrons (>70 eV) form a small fraction of the total solar wind electron density but serve as valuable tracers of heliospheric magnetic field topology. Their usefulness as tracers of magnetic loops with both feet rooted on the Sun, however, most likely fades as the loops expand beyond some distance owing to scattering. As a first step toward quantifying that distance, we const...

Helical ribbons with pitch angles of either 11 degrees or 54 degrees self-assemble in a wide variety of quaternary surfactant-phospholipid/fatty acid-sterol-water systems. By elastically deforming these helices, we examined their response to uniaxial forces. Under sufficient tension, a low pitch helix reversibly separates into a straight domain with a pitch angle of 90 degrees and a helical dom...

The paper aims to develop a novel pitch control system for a large wind turbine driven by a variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system. To perform practical pitch control experiments, a full-scale test rig of the hydraulic pitch control system for a 2 MW wind turbine’s blade, including a novel pitch control mechanism, a variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system, a disturb...

A variety of control systems have been proposed for aircraft autopilot systems. Traditional approaches such as proportional controller and conventional PID (CPID) controller are widely used. PID controller has a good static performance especially for linear and time-invariant systems, but a weak dynamic performance and discouraging function on nonlinear, time-varying, and uncertain systems. Fuz...

To achieve the maximum power from wind in variable-speed regions of turbines (WTs), a suitable control signal should be applied to pitch angle blades. However, available uncertainty modeling WTs complicates calculations these signals. cope with this problem, an optimal controller is suitable, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO). improve performance controller, fractional order PSO (FPSO) ...

This paper describes a simulation model that has been used for controller design and stability and performance analysis of a micro X-CELL helicopter as central element of the Autonomous Scout Rotorcraft Testbed (ASRT) developed at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA. The general model, simple, yet comprehensive and efficient for the task at hand, consists of the following elements: he...

A nonlinear attitude model of a satellite with thrusters, gravity torquers and a reaction wheel cluster is developed. Then the linearized version of this satellite attitude model is derived for the attitude hold mode. For comparison purpose, various control methods are considered for attitude control of a satellite. We consider a proportional derivative controller which is actually used in the ...

This paper addresses linear quadratic regulation (LQR) for variable speed variable pitch wind turbines. Because of the inherent nonlinearity of wind turbine, a set of operating conditions is identified and then a LQR controller is designed for each operating point. The feedback controller gains are then interpolated linearly to get control law for the entire operating region. Besides, the aerod...

In this paper, we propose a neural adaptive controller for attitude control in a flapping-wing insect model. The model is nonlinear and subjected to periodic force/torque generated by nominal wing kinematics. Two sets of model parameters are obtained from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the honey bee Apis mellifera. Attitude control is achieved by modifying the wing kinematics on a st...