It is known that amphibian oocytes undergo maturation through the formation and activation of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) in response to stimulation by the maturation-inducing hormone progesterone; however, the signal transduction pathway that links the hormonal stimulation on the oocyte surface to the activation of MPF in the oocyte cytoplasm remains a mystery. The aim of this study was ...

A standard therapy used today for prostate cancer is androgen ablation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH-a). Although most patients respond to androgen ablation as an initial systemic therapy, nearly all cases will develop androgen resistance, the management of which is still a major challenge. Here, we report that GnRH-a can directly induce apoptosis of the androgen-independent p...

Foxo1, a member of the Fox0 subfamily of winged-helix forkhead transcription factors, is a target of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signal transduction pathways that activate protein kinase B (PKB) in pancreatic beta cells. Foxo1 is a substrate for PKB, and its phosphorylation results in nuclear exclusion with concomitant alterations in gene expression that are important to ce...

Upon detachment from the extracellular matrix, epithelial cells enter into programmed cell death, a phenomenon known as anoikis, ensuring that they are unable to survive in an inappropriate location. Activated ras oncogenes protect cells from this form of apoptosis. The nature of the survival signals activated by integrin engagement and usurped by oncogenic Ras are unknown: here we show that in...

Basement membranes are important for epithelial differentiation, cell survival, and normal and metastatic cell migration. Much is known about their breakdown and remodeling, yet their positive regulation is poorly understood. Our previous analysis of a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor mutation raised the possibility that protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) activated by FGF is connected to the exp...

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis by production of nitric oxide (NO) from vascular endothelial cells. It can be activated by protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt via phosphorylation at Ser-1177. We are interested in the role of Rho GTPase/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway in regulation of eNOS expression and activation. Using adenovirus-mediated gene...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induce the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) by stimulating the phosphorylation of an N-terminal serine. Here, we show that protein kinase B (PKB) plays a key role in mediating EGF-induced inhibition of GSK3alpha and that the classical MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade has two functions ...

This paper focuses on examining the institutionalization of Political Party Integrity System (SIPP) which was pushed by Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) as part efforts to prevent political corruption in National Awakening (PKB). Since 2009, 2014 and 2019 elections, PKB's vote share has increased. The number party cadres who were caught cases relatively small compared other parties. main...

the study of teachers’ pedagogical knowledge base (pkb) to discover how teachers think and work is attracting increasing attention in elt. against this background, the present study aimed at probing the likely variations in efl teachers’ pedagogical knowledge base as a function of their teaching license status. to this aim, six teachers (two standard-licensed, two alternatively-licensed, and tw...

BACKGROUND The small GTPase R-Ras displays a less potent transforming activity than the closely related Ras oncogene products. Although R-Ras has been reported to interact with c-Raf1 and Ral-GDS in vitro, the pathways by which it exerts its effects on cellular proliferation are not known. RESULTS Both Ras and R-Ras interact with phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase in vitro, and induce elevation o...