We reviewed the literature to determine the nature and magnitude of therapeutic response associated with placebo treatment in clinical trials for women's sexual dysfunction. We abstracted data from 16 articles to record the effect size associated with placebo treatment. In most of these studies, placebo recipients reported statistically significant improvements on one or more major endpoints re...

Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors such as ketamine, induce abnormalities in healthy subjects similar to those found in schizophrenia. However, recent evidence, suggests that most of the currently known NMDA antagonists have a broader receptor profile than originally thought. Besides exerting an antagonistic effect on NMDA receptors, they have agonistic effects on dopamine...

statement of the problem : geographic tongue is characterized by loss of filliform papillae in an erythematous area with keratotic borders. it vanishes after a while and reappears in another area. it is relatively common and is most seen among females. considering such problems as pain, burning sensation and sharp pain in tongue, decreasing of taste sensation, cancer phobia and esthetic problem...

Placebos are indispensable controls in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and placebo responses significantly contribute to routine clinical outcomes. Recent neurophysiological studies reveal neurotransmitter pathways that mediate placebo effects. Evidence that genetic variations in these pathways can modify placebo effects raises the possibility of using genetic screening to identify placebo r...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of oral prednisolone on visual outcome and complications of scleral buckling (sb) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rrd). methods: in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, patients with acute rrd who underwent sb were randomly divided into two groups. oral prednisolone was administered for the treatment group and placebo for the co...

The present study examined whether 1) placebo hypoalgesia can be generated through implicit associative learning (ie, conditioning in the absence of conscious awareness) and 2) the magnitude of placebo hypoalgesia changes when expectations about pain are made explicit. The temperature of heat pain stimuli was surreptitiously lowered during conditioning trials for the placebo cream and the magni...