Constructed facilities should be robust with respect to the loss of load-bearing elements due abnormal events. Yet, strengthening structures withstand such damage has a significant impact on construction costs. Strengthening costs justified by threat and result in smaller expected progressive collapse. In regular frame structures, beams columns compete for budget. this paper, we present risk-ba...

Abstract Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills can be encountered all over the world, especially in earthquake prone regions. Although are usually not considered design process, case of seismic loading they subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that act separately or simultaneously. In recent earthquakes it was observed loads severely damage even cause their complete coll...

Partial frames provide a rich context in which to do pointfree structured and unstructured topology. A small collection of axioms of an elementary nature allows one to do much traditional pointfree topology, both on the level of frames or locales, and that of uniform or metric frames. These axioms are sufficiently general to include as examples bounded distributive...

In this paper we present an algorithm for automatic extraction and tracking of multiple objects from a video sequence. Our approach is model-based in the sense that we first use a robust structure-from-motion algorithm to identify multiple objects and to recover initial 3-D shape models. Then, these models are used to identify and track the objects over multiple frames of the video sequence. Th...

Masonry infill walls are the standard solution to build envelopes and partitions in reinforced concrete buildings southern Europe. In Portugal, masonry appeared sixties, with massive use of frames for residential commercial buildings. Since then until our days infills (cavity walls) have not experienced significant changes, apart from some variations thickness introduction thermal isolation bet...