The stability of the rock mass is generally constituted by presence and behavior discontinuities. flow water in a one parameters that considerably affect fractured behavior, strength, stability. This study proposes triaxial compression test to determine stress, strain, failure modes penetrating under static load, reveal relationship between its deformation strain rate, fracture slope, water. AB...

We propose a level-successive encoding scheme for the compression of continuous tone images. The compressed bit stream is partitioned into individual segments corresponding to successive bits and arranged in order of decreasing significance of the bits. Bit-plane scalability is achieved by recursively partitioning the image into an LSB bit-plane and remaining higher order bits and encoding the ...

This study focuses on the optimization of the plane structure. Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) will be utilized, which is one of the most efficient methods for solving nonlinearly constrained optimization problems. A new formulation for the second order sensitivity analysis of the two-dimensional finite element will be developed. All the second order required derivatives will be calculat...

In this paper, a plane quadrilateral element with rotational degrees of freedom is developed. Present formulation is based on a hybrid functional with independent boundary displacement and internal optimum strain field. All the optimality constraints, including being rotational invariant, omitting the parasitic shear error and satisfying Fliepa’s pure bending test, are considered. Moreover, the...

Damage to structural walls in the recent earthquakes in Chile (2010) and New Zealand (2011) demonstrated that modern reinforced concrete (RC) wall behaviour can be largely governed by out-of-plane displacements triggered by instability. Thin walls are the most vulnerable to this deformation mechanism, especially if they have a single layer of reinforcement. These wall types can be easily found ...

Effects of mechanical compression and PTFE content on the through-plane gas permeability of gas diffusion layers (GDLs) of PEM fuel cells are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A new test bed is designed and built which allows pressure drop and air flow rate measurement for various fibrous samples. The measured values are used to calculate the through-plane permeability. Variou...

This article utilizes the average stress method to obtain the stress intensity factor of rotating solid and hollow disks/cylinders containing a radial crack‎. ‎It is assumed that the cracks are located radially at center‎, ‎internal or external radius of the geometry‎. ‎Results are shown for both of the plane stress and plane strain assumptions and are validated against the known data introduce...

The µ phase is a common precipitation in superalloys and it exists wide composition temperature range. As such, we study the influences of on its plasticity by micropillar compression tests transmission electron microscopy. micropillars μ-Co7Nb6 deform plastically basal slip at room 600 °C. At temperature, Co-49Nb Co-52Nb show high yield stresses an abrupt large strain burst onset yielding rega...

BIFURCATIONS, including shear band and diffuse geometric modes, arc analysed for plane strain deformation of a rectangular slab subject to a constant lateral confining stress. The response of the slab material is characterized by an incrementally linear constitutive relation that allows for the possibility of volume change accompanying shear deformation, pressure dependence and deviations from ...

Heterogeneity of granular materials triggers shear zone formation. In the paper, the FE-analysis of the effect of the material heterogeneity on the formation of a spontaneous shear zone inside of granular materials during a plane strain compression test is presented. The numerical calculations are performed with a finite element method on the basis of a hypoplastic constitutive law extended by ...