Since ancient times, people have cut and joined together plants of different varieties or species so they would grow as a single plant - a process known as grafting (Figures 1 and 2). References to grafting appear in the Bible, ancient Greek and ancient Chinese texts, indicating that grafting was practised in Europe, the Middle East and Asia by at least the 5(th) century BCE. It is unknown wher...

The vacuoles of plant cells are multifunctional organelles that are central to cellular strategies of plant development. They share some of their basic properties with the vacuoles of algae and yeast and the lysosomes of animal cells. They are lytic compartments, function as reservoirs for ions and metabolites, including pigments, and are crucial to processes of detoxification and general cell ...

The study of plant behaviour will be aided by conceptual approaches and terminology for cooperation, altruism and helping. The plant literature has a rich discussion of helping between species while the animal literature has an extensive and somewhat contentious discussion of within-species helping. Here, I identify and synthesize concepts, terminology and some practical methodology for speakin...

as actin assembly regulation. Also, in neuroblastoma cells, cofilin association with the mitochondrial outer membrane is needed for stressinduced release of cytochrome c and consequent apoptosis. In addition, studies of cofilin activity modulation revealed that actin dynamics play important roles at the Golgi in sorting of membrane cargo targeted to neuronal axons or apical membrane of epitheli...

The preponderance of food and fiber for human consumption is derived from plants. The ability to domesticate crop plants was a pivotal point in human evolution. It permitted the transition from a predominantly nomadic lifestyle to one of more centralized communities of towns and villages. In turn, this allowed for stratification in the community for specialized activities not directly related t...

Hbs are ubiquitous proteins in most organisms, including bacteria, protozoans, fungi, plants, and animals (Vinogradov et al., 1993; Bolognesi et al., 1997). The known and predicted roles of Hbs in each organism encompass functions that include the reversible binding of gaseous ligands and the ability to bind other cellular molecules. Link to full text: http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/fu...

1 Department of Field Crops, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey 2The Scientific and Technical Council of Turkey Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey 3 Department of Biology Education, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey 5 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Section Pl...

The development of methods for the introduction of novel or altered genes into plants has led to a revolution in plant research and plant breeding. Not only has this allowed detailed studies of the regulation and function of plant genes, but it has also led to the development of genetically modified crops. Nowadays large areas, especially in the USA, are in use for the cultivation of such crops...

Program and Application Information Department Chair: Dr. Jack Rasmussen Department Location: Walster Hall Department Phone: (701) 231-8362 Department Web Site: www.ag.ndsu.edu/plantpath/ Application Deadline: International applications are due May 1 for fall semester and August 1 for spring and summer semesters. Domestic applicants should apply at least one month prior to the start of classes....