■ Abstract Gibberellins are hormones that control growth and a wide variety of other plant developmental processes. In recent years, significant progress has been made on the biochemistry of gibberellin biosynthesis and on the mechanisms by which gibberellin levels are regulated in plants. There have also been major advances in the understanding of gibberellin signaling, with several key genes ...

Computational plant models or 'virtual plants' are increasingly seen as a useful tool for comprehending complex relationships between gene function, plant physiology, plant development, and the resulting plant form. The theory of L-systems, which was introduced by Lindemayer in 1968, has led to a well-established methodology for simulating the branching architecture of plants. Many current arch...

The plant cell wall is a strong material that resists expansion when water is taken up by the protoplast; for cells to expand irreversibly, the existing wall architecture must be loosened to permit the insertion of newly synthesized wall polymers. Biochemical approaches have identified changes in wall composition that occur during growth and some of the enzymes involved in wall loosening, whils...