Plant orthologs of the yeast sucrose non-fermenting (Snf1) kinase and mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) represent an emerging class of important regulators of metabolic and stress signalling. The catalytic alpha-subunits of plant Snf1-related kinases (SnRKs) interact in the yeast two-hybrid system with different proteins that share conserved domains with the beta- and gamma-subunits...

The existence of two molecular switches regulating plant chimeric Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK), namely the C-terminal visinin-like domain acting as Ca(2+)-sensitive molecular switch and calmodulin binding domain acting as Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation-sensitive molecular switch, has been described (Sathyanarayanan, P. V., Cremo, C. R., and Poovaiah, B. W. (2000) J....

The CLAVATA1 (CLV1) gene encodes a putative receptor kinase required for the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation in Arabidopsis shoot and flower meristems. Impaired CLV1 signaling results in masses of undifferentiated cells at the shoot and floral meristems. Although many putative receptor kinases have been identified in plants, the mechanism of signal transduction med...

Cell-to-cell communication in plants involves the trafficking of macromolecules through specialized intercellular organelles, termed plasmodesmata. This exchange of proteins and RNA is likely regulated, and a role for protein phosphorylation has been implicated, but specific components remain to be identified. Here, we describe the molecular characterization of a plasmodesmal-associated protein...

Reversible protein phosphorylation is a widespread post-translational modification fundamental for signaling across all domains of life. Tyrosine (Tyr) has recently emerged as being important plant receptor kinase (RK)-mediated signaling, particularly during immunity. How Tyr regulates RK function however largely unknown. Notably, the expansion phosphatase and SH2 domain-containing families, wh...

Recent data on the plasma membrane (PM)-located LRR-RLKs (for Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases) BRI1 (for brassinosteroid insensitive 1) and the coreceptors BAK1 (for BRI1-associated kinase 1) and SERK1 (for somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 1) that participate in the perception of brassinosteroids (BRs) suggest that they are organized into heterooligomeric protein complexes. Othe...

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) are an essential component of plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. We investigated the effect of alternaric acid, a host-specific toxin produced by the plant fungal pathogen Alternaria solani (Pleosporaceae), on a putative plasma membrane and cytosolic kinase RiCDPK2 of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and on hypersensitive cell death of host potato cel...

Qing’E pills are a classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine that has the effect of tonifying kidneys and strengthening bones, first appearing tonic formulae prescriptions peaceful benevolent dispensary (10th century CE). To preliminarily elucidate potential mechanisms treatment postmenopausal osteoporosis based on network pharmacology. The principal components corresponding protein tar...

To ensure appropriate responses to stimuli, organisms have evolved signalling networks that rely on post-translational modifications of their components. Among these, protein phosphorylation has a prominent role and much research in plants has focused on protein kinases and phosphatases, which, respectively, catalyse phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of specific substrates. Technical limita...

In the past few years, the Plant Protein Phosphorylation Database (P(3)DB, http://p3db.org) has become one of the most significant in vivo data resources for studying plant phosphoproteomics. We have substantially updated P(3)DB with respect to format, new datasets and analytic tools. In the P(3)DB 3.0, there are altogether 47 923 phosphosites in 16 477 phosphoproteins curated across nine plant...