INTRO DUCTIO N Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous blood product that is being increasingly used to treat musculoskeletal conditions. Platelets have a rich store of factors and cytokines within their alpha granules and dense granules, which makes platelet-rich plasma an appealing therapeutic alternative. Some of the important factors found within the alpha granules of the platelet include pla...

Thrombopoietin (TPO), the specific cytokine that regulates platelet production, is expressed in human bone marrow (BM), kidney, and liver. There appears to be no regulation of TPO in the kidney and liver, but TPO messenger RNA (mRNA) expression can be modulated in the stromal cells of the BM. In this study, we used primary human BM stromal cells as a model to study the regulation of TPO mRNA ex...

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors derived from venous blood. Bone marrow concentrate (BMC) is an analogous platelet-rich product that is generated from bone marrow aspirate and might have the added advantage of containing mesenchymal stem cells. The active growth factors are platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor , vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatoc...