sponges are the simplest multicellular animals that lack defense mechanisms and rely on chemical defense  that have been used by mankind to develop antimicrobial drugs against diseases.  the present study was designed to demonstrate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of marine sponge dysidea pallescens semipolar and nonpolar extracts. in this study, d. pallescens were collected from he...

A method for harvesting and purifying the thin polyamide (PA) active layer from thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was developed, enabling quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of composition cross-linking in PA that can be directly related to membrane performance. Using our chemical separation process, we report on four trimesoyl chloride (TMC)/isopht...

The formation of porous nanostructures on surfaces and the control their size shape is fundamental for various applications. creation nanotubes particularly difficult to implement without aid hard rigid templates. Recently, methods that form nanotubular structures in a straightforward manner direct templating, e.g. soft have been highly sought after. Here we propose use “soft templating” via se...

This paper reviews the developments of dithiooctanoate monomers and acidic adhesive monomers, and their roles in multi-purpose primers and adhesives in promoting adhesion to multiple substrate materials. Novel dithiooctanoate monomers exhibited excellent bonding to precious metals and alloys when compared against conventional sulfur-containing monomers. Newly developed phosphonic acid monomers,...

Methacrylic derivatives of bile acids have been synthesized for use as monomers in dental composites. Polymeric dental materials are known to leach cytotoxic unreacted monomers and degradation products. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of bile acids and their derivatives towards 3T3 fibroblasts has been evaluated by colorimetric MTT assay and compared with that of the common dental mono...

Background: Morphology and presence of Polar body in the oocyte are denoting oocyte quality and is used as a criterion for prognosis of embryo quality. However, little is known about ICSI result of oocytes with two polar bodies. The present study reports the result of ICSI in a case having several oocytes with two polar bodies. Materials and Methods: A 34 years old patient (K.H.) with history o...