Unconventional shale-gas plays are formed by fine-grained organic-rich shales of tight-porosity and ultralow permeability which act as the source, seal, and the reservoir rock. The shale-as-reservoir has its beginnings in 1820 but commercial shale-gas wells were drilled in 1990s in Mississippian Barnett Shale of USA by Mitchell Energy after prolonged (about 17 years) experimentations and advanc...

Hydrothermal vent communities are distributed along mid-ocean spreading ridges as isolated patches. While distance is a key factor influencing connectivity among sites, habitat characteristics are also critical. The Pescadero Basin (PB) and Alarcón Rise (AR) vent fields, recently discovered in the southern Gulf of California, are bounded by previously known vent localities (e.g. Guaymas Basin a...

One of the efficient factors in comprehensive development of an area is to provide water sources and on the other hand the appropriate management of them. Population growth and nourishment security for such a population necessitate the achievement of constant development besides the reforming of traditional management in order to increase the profit of sources; In this case, the constant exploi...

Introduction Precipitation is one of the major factors in the water balance of a catchment and as such the water cycle is most sensitive to changes in rainfall (Petheram et al. 2002). In sub-humid, semi-arid and arid regions, evapotranspiration is the second largest component of the water balance, and is affected not only by the availability of water but also by any change in other aspects of c...

The ability to determine the pyrrolic nitrogen compounds, which present in trace quantities in oils, exhibit changes in both absolute and relative concentrations that correlate with migration distance. Such molecules appear promising as empirical but quantitative indicators of the relative distances of oils and present a first step towards true source to oil reservoir distance indicators. Quant...

BACKGROUND This study examined two main hypotheses: a) Polish immigrants' smoking estimates are greater than their Irish counterparts (b) Polish immigrants purchasing cigarettes from Poland smoke "heavier" (>/= 20 cigarettes a day) when compared to those purchasing cigarettes from Ireland. The study also set out to identify significant predictors of 'current' smoking (some days and everyday) am...

The paper presents the results of works on preparation of a proper museum collection of parasitic helminths gathered by the Polish scientists and dispersed in various scientific institutions. The collection composed of 11 author's collections and a special collection of available typical series of species described by the Polish authors has been deposited in the Museum of Natural History of Wro...

Introduction Female managers in the Polish health care system are seldom a subject of scientific investigation. Material and Methods This study describes the share and profile of women in health care management positions and explores how and why Polish female health care managers add value to the leadership of health care organizations. Three data collection methods were used including: scopi...

In 2004 eight new countries (the A8) were admitted into the European Union (EU), allowing their citizens full rights of settlement and employment in the UK. Initial estimates by the Labour government were that between 5000 and 13 000 people would migrate to the UK, which proved a gross underestimate. Although exact population data is difficult to obtain precisely because of free movement, it is...

The results in this paper involve two different topics in the descriptive theory of Polish group actions. The book Becker-Kechris [6] is an introduction to that theory. Our two topics—and two collections of theorems—are rather unrelated, but the proofs for both topics are essentially the same. Locally compact Polish groups, i.e., second countable locally compact groups, are the traditional obje...