Although Islamophobia is an ancient phenomenon, it has come to the fore, especially after 9/11 terrorist attacks, and Islam been put forward as new enemy of West. The fear Islam, whose existence generally scrutinized in Western society, not created by societies alone. Political doctrine placed religion based on political ambitions advanced line with understanding radical fuelled phenomenon amon...

Political Islam in Turkey is a vital and profound issue for the Islamic world Western world. In this study, we return to era of Ozal, which political came fore politics power. Then, after era, entered into political, legal, parliamentary war with state army. Although they did not win war, made use it as an experience. At beginning twenty-first century, managed enter arena competition new progra...

Since the foundation of Muslim Brotherhood in 1928, movement has had a formidable political perspective combined with Islamic teachings. Regrettably, critical aspect Islam rarely occurs or is inadequately addressed Egyptian politics. The collapse Egypt had, course, influenced Islamist movements around globe. It also highlighted battle between modern and state. Egypt, however, most influential c...

slam and Christianity are today facing each other in a more hostile way than ever before. Recent events, including terrorist attacks, Western armies on Muslim soil, and the Israel/Palestinian conflict, have created a lot of enmity. Much has been said about these serious confrontations in the press, on TV, and in other media. Most of this is negative and colored by suspicion and mistrust on both...

In 1984, Pakistan’s military ruler General Zia-ul-Haq passed an executive Ordinance that made it a criminal offence for members of the heterodox Ahmadiyya community, a selfdefined minority sect of Islam, to refer to themselves as Muslims and practice Islam in public. Ahmadis challenged the 1984 Ordinance in both the Supreme Court and the Federal Shariat Court in Pakistan – in the former on that...

Recently, a number of methods have been proposed to improve image retrieval accuracy by capturing context information. These methods try to compensate for the fact that a visually less similar image might be more relevant because it depicts the same object. We propose a new quick method for refining any pairwise distance metric, it works by iteratively discovering the object in the image from t...