fifty percent of world argricultural production is destroyed by insects each year. therefore, enormous quantities of insecticides are consumed to control these pests. as an example, france is using 35000 metric tons insecticide every year. some of the methods used for spraying and applying insecticides tend to increase the pollution of natural waters . in this article different factors causing ...

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) are a natural extension of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) phenomenon to the underground environment. In this work, experimental measurements are presented at the frequency of 433 MHz, which show a good agreement with the theoretical studies. Experiments are run to examine the received signal strength and the packet error rate for aboveground-to-un...

localization of underground dams was carried out at garmab seasonal river basin at golestan research station. this project aims to localize and investigate places for establishing subsurface dam in order to control and store underground stream water for the station and study purposes. the methodology was based on studying documents and field research sampling, drilling and analyzing necessary s...

Strong karstlize effect forming surface and underground double-space structure in karst area, what resulting groundwater systems are extremely sensitive to outside interference. This article mainly focuses on the vulnerability assessment of karst groundwater, proposing that the vulnerability assessment of karst groundwater should be considered from three perspectives: the inherent vulnerability...

heavy metals and dyes are major contributors in contamination of water streams. these contaminants enter into our eco- system, thus posing a significant threat to public health, ecological equilibrium and environment. thus a combined discharge of these contaminants results in water pollution with high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, color, particulate matter, suspended particl...

For the last 20-odd years in China, an economic boom has resulted in severe environmental pollution; water pollution, particularly, is of great concern. It has been reported that pollution in China’s overall surface water is rated medium. The water quality of groundwater, lakes and reservoirs has deteriorated. Consequently, such a general distribution of water pollution has posed a grave threat...

The main objectives of waters and aquatic environmental protection aim preventing the damage of all surface waters and progressive reduction of pollution, gradual cessation or elimination of evacuation and loss of pollutants in the surface waters, as preventing or eliminating the contribution of pollutants in underground waters and preventing the damage of their.Gratifying water requests, prote...

pollution sources into the water, the necessity of qualitative studies of water resources is one of the most important new challenges for mankind in almost every parts of the world. dissolved oxygen (do) and biochemical oxygen demand (bod) are among parameters of water quality indexes which are considered as water pollution indexes. in the present research, do and bod of dez river basin water (...