Mutagenic/carcinogenic 9-(4'-aminophenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole [aminophenylnorharman (APNH)] is formed from norharman and aniline in the presence of cytochrome P450 3A4/1A2. Because both precursors are widely distributed in the environment, human exposure is unavoidable. To clarify APNH formation in the human body, amounts of the compound in 24-h human urine collected from smokers and nonsmok...

Electrochemical polymerization of aniline is one of the most promising methods to prepare polyaniline (PANI) materials. However, during this process, the electrolyte solution must be replaced after electropolymerization of a certain time because of the generation and the accumulation of the by-products, which have significant effects on the morphology, purity and properties of PANI products. Tr...

This paper describes the development and characterisation of labeless immunosensors for (a) the cardiac drug digoxin and (b) bovine serum albumin (BSA). Commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes were used as the basis for the sensors. Two methods were used to immobilise antibodies at the electrode surface. Aniline was electropolymerised onto these electrodes to form a thin planar film of cond...

The poly(aniline boronic acid) (PABA)-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) non-enzymatic sensor was developed for the detection of saccharides. The work involved the electrochemical polymerization of 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) in the presence of fluoride on the surface of SWNTs and their subsequent evaluation as chemiresistive sensors towards the detection of d-fructose a...

Chemicals-o-Aminophenyl glucosiduronic acid was kindly supplied by Dr. R. T. Williams, St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School, London. oAminobenzoyl and p-aminobenzoyl glucosiduronic acids were prepared enzymatically with UDP-glucuronic acid’ and aglycone (5). Phenolphthalein glucosiduronic acid and bacterial P-glucuronidase were obtained from the Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Missouri. UDP-gl...

The title compound, C(8)H(8)N(2)O(7)S, an inter-mediate in the synthesis of N,N-bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3,5-dinitro-aniline, exists as a discrete mol-ecule; the nitro groups are twisted with respect to the aromatic system [dihedral angles = 17.0 (1) and 26.3 (1)°].

This thesis presents applications of the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique in fabrication of thin films with a primary focus on design and development of electrochromic devices. The optical properties of electrochromic materials change as they alter between redox states. The morphology and properties of LbL-assembled thin films can be modified by varying several processing factors such as...