Water has a key role in the functioning of all biological systems, it mediates many biochemical reactions, as well as other biological activities such as material biocompatibility. Water is often considered as an inert solvent, however at the molecular level, it shows different behavior when sorbed onto surfaces like polymeric implants. Three states of water have been recognized: non-freezable ...

With the great success of graphene in biomedical field, carbon nanotubes have attracted increasing attention for different applications ophthalmology. Here, we report a novel retinal sheet composed (CNTs) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) that can enhance cell therapy. By tuning our CNTs to regulate mechanical characteristics retina sheets, were able improve vitro viability ganglion cell...

A variety of ocular drug delivery systems, including a controlled release of the drug, drug targeting, and penetration enhancement of the drug, have been investigated. Biodegradable polymers have been widely used as the drug carrier for controlled-release systems. Biodegradable polymers release the drug as they themselves degrade and are finally absorbed within the body. Several ocular drug del...

Bone substitute materials have witnessed tremendous development over the past decades and autogenous bone may still be considered the gold standard for many clinicians and clinical approaches in order to rebuild and restore bone defects. However, a plethora of novel xenogenic and synthetic bone substitute materials have been introduced in recent years in the field of bone regeneration. As the d...