Monoclonal antibodies specific for each of the flagellar tektins were prepared and used to determine whether structures similar to tektin filaments are present in cells lacking cilia or flagella. This analysis was performed by double-label immunofluorescence microscopy of several cell lines and by immunoblots of protein fractions. Two of the four anti-tektin antibodies, the antibodies 3-7-1 and...

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) from immunized hens have considerable advantages for the production of polyclonal antibodies. It reacts with more epitopes and avoids the interference in immunological assays. Regarding the IgY aptitudes, this study was conducted to produce chicken IgY specific for influenza M2 (M2e) protein. Fusion construct harboring C-terminal of bovine heat shock prote...

background: light chain (lc) and heavy chain carboxyterminal subdomain (hcc) fragments are the most important parts of tetanus neurotoxin (tent) which play key roles in toxicity and binding of tent, respectively. in the present study, these two fragments were cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic system and their identity was confirmed using anti-tent specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodi...

Three different high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques, i.e. affinity, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography, have been used to purify polyclonal antibodies from bovine serum. Polyclonal antibodies were obtained from animals infected with bovine leukaemia virus, which was confirmed by AGID and ELISA tests. Precipitation of the antibodies by ammonium sulphate prior t...

To analyze the distribution of Chromogranin A in endocrine cells of various species of laboratory animals (dog, gerbil, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, mouse, and fetal, neonatal, and adult rats), normal tissues were stained immunohistochemically with polyclonal anti-bovine Chromogranin A antiserum (SP-1). Selected tissues (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, brain, peripheral nerv...

Monoclonal Antibodies, also known as mAbs or mOAbs, are artificial antibodies produced in laboratories. These proteins assist the immune system recognizing, tagging, and destroying cells a number of different ways. By tagging antigens foreign when body is unable to recognize these cells, they activate destroy cells. largely preferred over polyclonal due their specificity targeted treatment. Thi...

Scorpion venom is composed among other things of a large number of neurotoxic peptides affecting all major types of ion channels. The majority of the toxicity of the venom is attributed to the presence of these peptides. In our previous studies using a combination of HPLC and mass spectrometry, we showed that birtoxin like peptides are the major peptidic components of the venom of Parabuthus tr...

We recently reported the expression of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) E6 protein in bacteria and the production of anti-E6 polyclonal antibodies. This work has now been extended with the production of a panel of monoclonal antibodies against the HPV-18 E6 protein. These antibodies demonstrate that there is little antigenic conservation in the E6 protein between HPV-16 and HPV-18, with on...

Polyclonal antibodies raised against 4-phosphothiophen-2-yl alanine 2a, a novel five-membered ring analogue of phosphotyrosine, showed high selectivity for phosphotyrosine and no cross-reactivity with other phosphorylated amino acids. Western blots showed that the polyclonal was similarly effective, but different in selectivity, to a commercially available monoclonal antibody.

Background: Expression of virus coat protein (CP) in Escherichia coli often leads to production of partially folded aggregated proteins which are called inclusion bodies. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is one of the most serious and widespread grapevine virus diseases around the world and in Iran.Objective: The main objective of this study was to find a s...