Clopidogrel, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, selectively inhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet receptor and the subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation. Oral bioavailability of clopidogrel is very low (less than 50%), due to its poor water solubility. The aim of this investigation was ...

PURPOSE To characterize the physicochemical properties of drug-loaded oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) Brij 97-based microemulsions in comparison to their blank counterparts and to investigate the influence of microemulsion type on in vitro skin permeation of model hydrophobic drugs and their hydrophilic salts. METHODS The microemulsion systems were composed of isopropyl palmitate (I...

Abstract Microemulsion (ME) is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and medical applications. In the formulation of MEs, a substantial amount surfactant needed to stabilize lipo-hydrophilic interface, which may have adverse effects on biological cells. Cellulose its derivatives been extensively utilized as solid emulsifying agents, known pickering are added improve stability emulsions. this st...

Monodispersed Pd-nanoparticles (∼ 8 nm) prepared via a modified microemulsion method were deposited on active carbon fibers (ACF) fabrics and studied in a semi-batch 1-hexyne liquid-phase hydrogenation. The catalyst Pd(0.45 wt%)/ACF demonstrated > 96% selectivity to 1-hexene up to 90% of conversion. Initial activity at 303 K, 1.3 MPa pressure, in n-heptane as a solvent was 0.14 kmolH2 kg −1 Pd ...

The dynamic properties of a model transient network have been studied by dynamic light scattering. The network is formed by microemulsion droplets linked by telechelic polymers (modified hydrophilic polymers with two grafted hydrophobic stickers). We compare the properties of two networks that are similar but for the residence time of the hydrophobic stickers in the droplets. The results are in...

in this study, tretinoin microemulsion has been formulated based on phase diagram studies by changing the amounts and proportions of inactive ingredients, such as surfactants, co-surfactants and oils. the effects of these variables have been determined on microemulsion formation, particle size of the dispersed phase and release profile of tretinoin from microemulsion through dialysis membrane. ...

This paper describes formulation considerations and in vitro evaluation of an oleic acid-based polyelectrolytic polymer-containing microemulsion drug delivery system designed for intranasal administration of a hydrophobic model drug Olanzapine. Drug-loaded microemulsions were successfully prepared by a water titration method. The microemulsion containing 4% oleic acid, 30% surfactant mixture of...

Clove bud essential oil (CEO) and its major individual phenolic constituent eugenol were formulated as nanoparticles in water-based microemulsion systems. The oil titration method was used to incorporate different amounts of the oil and eugenol in the micellar solution of Tween-20. The Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the DPPH* free radical scavenging assay and the ...

A local ordered structure constructed from solid Cu(2)O nanocubes was obtained by the radiolytic reduction of Cu(NO(3))(2) in a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion composed of Triton X-100, n-hexanol, cyclohexane, and water in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG). However, when Triton X-100 was replaced with Brij 56 in the microemulsion, hollow Cu(2)O nanocubes were synthesized. The addition of to...