We use both Abel’s lemma on summation by parts and Zeilberger’s algorithm to find recurrence relations for definite summations. The role of Abel’s lemma can be extended to the case of linear difference operators with polynomial coefficients. This approach can be used to verify and discover identities involving harmonic numbers and derangement numbers. As examples, we use the Abel-Zeilberger alg...

An overview is given of effective gravitational field theories with fixed background fields that break spacetime symmetry. The behavior of the background fields and the types of excitations that can occur depend on whether the symmetry breaking is explicit or spontaneous. For example, when the breaking is spontaneous, the background field is dynamical and massless Nambu–Goldstone and massive Hi...

In contrast to Fourier series, these finite power sums are over the angles equally dividing the upper-half plane. Moreover, these beautiful and somewhat surprising sums often arise in analysis. In this note, we extend the above results to the power sums as shown in identities (17), (19), (25), (26), (32), (33), (34), (35), and (36) and in the appendix. The method is based on the generating func...

Let $R$ be an infinite ring. Here we prove that if $0_R$ belongs to ${x_1x_2cdots x_n ;|; x_1,x_2,dots,x_nin X}$ for every infinite subset $X$ of $R$, then $R$ satisfies the polynomial identity $x^n=0$. Also we prove that if $0_R$ belongs to ${x_1x_2cdots x_n-x_{n+1} ;|; x_1,x_2,dots,x_n,x_{n+1}in X}$ for every infinite subset $X$ of $R$, then $x^n=x$ for all $xin R$.

We consider sums involving the product of reciprocal binomial coefficient and polynomial terms and develop some double integral identities. In particular cases it is possible to express the sums in closed form, give some general results, recover some known results in Coffey and produce new identities.

We prove a 2-adic inequality for the coefficients of binary bent functions in their polynomial representations. The 2-adic inequality implies a family of identities satisfied by the coefficients. The identities also lead to the discovery of some new affine invariants of Boolean functions on Z2 .

We consider sums involving the product of reciprocal binomial coefficient and polynomial terms and develop some double integral identities. In particular cases it is possible to express the sums in closed form, give some general results, recover some known results in Coffey [8] and produce new identities.

We use computer algebra to demonstrate the existence of a multilinear polynomial identity of degree 8 satisfied by the bilinear operation in every Lie-Yamaguti algebra. This identity is a consequence of the defining identities for Lie-Yamaguti algebras, but is not a consequence of anticommutativity. We give an explicit form of this identity as an alternating sum over all permutations of the var...