Podostemaceae of the Phou Khao Khouay National Park and adjoining areas (PKK Area) in Lao PDR were recorded separate papers, scattered data make it difficult to gain whole picture their diversity evolution. Our literature research enumerated 18 species six genera, which account for 43% 55% genera indigenous Laos, including 13 PKK Area-endemic (72%) three (50%). The richness endemism Area have h...

vulnificus biotype 2 Eva Sanjuán, Fernando González-Candelas , and Carmen Amaro. Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España. ([email protected], [email protected]) 2 Unidad mixta “Genómica y Salud” Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública-Universidad de Valencia/Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Valencia, Es...

Pitohui birds from New Guinea have been found to contain a toxin otherwise only found in neotropical poison arrow frogs. Pitohuis have been considered to be monophyletic and thus toxicity is thought to have evolved once in birds. Here, we show that Pitohuis, rather than being a tight-knit group, are polyphyletic and represent several lineages among the corvoid families of passerine birds. This ...

The evolution of pathways within plant secondary metabolism has been studied by using the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) as a model system. PAs are constitutively produced by plants as a defense against herbivores. The occurrence of PAs is restricted to certain unrelated families within the angiosperms. Homospermidine synthase (HSS), the first specific enzyme in the biosynthesis of the necine ba...

Population structure of three ecotypes of Oncorhynchus nerka (sea-type Sockeye Salmon, lake-type Sockeye Salmon, and Kokanee) in the Fraser River and Columbia River drainages was examined with microsatellite variation, with the main focus as to whether Kokanee population structure within the Fraser River drainage suggested either a monophyletic or polyphyletic origin of the ecotype within the d...

BACKGROUND The genetic basis of host specificity for animal and plant pathogenic bacteria remains poorly understood. For plant pathogenic bacteria, host range is restricted to one or a few host plant species reflecting a tight adaptation to specific hosts. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Two hypotheses can be formulated to explain host specificity: either it can be explained by the phylogeneti...

Considerable controversy exists with regard to the proper delimitation of Cymopterus (Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae) and its relationship to the other perennial endemic umbellifers of western North America. Previous molecular systematic studies using nuclear (rDNA ITS) and, for subsets of taxa, plastid (rps16 intron and trnF-trnL-trnT) DNA sequences have revealed that the genus Cymopterus is pol...

We analyze the geographic location of 77,451 different Italian surnames (17,579,891 individuals) obtained from the lists of telephone subscribers of the year 1993. By using a specific neural network analysis (Self-Organizing Maps, SOMs), we automatically identify the geographic origin of 49,117 different surnames. To validate the methodology, we compare the results to a study, previously conduc...