Background: Eyelids have been shown to influence corneal shape. The effects of eyelid pathologies on astigmatism widely investigated. This study aimed determine the correlation between levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle function and with-the-rule (WTR) in university students with normal morphology.Methods: was a cross-sectional sample 58 Chinese origin selected by simple random sampling ...

Evaluation of the eyelids is an important part of the neuro-ophthalmic examination. Abnormal eyelid position and function can be caused by disorders involving the third cranial nerve, the oculosympathetic pathway, and the seventh cranial nerve, as well as supranuclear pathways, or as a result of neuromuscular diseases. To avoid unwarranted neurological investigations, it is also important for t...

Extraocular muscles are characterized by their faster rates of contraction and their higher resistance to fatigue relative to limb skeletal muscles. Another often reported characteristic of extraocular muscles is that they generate lower specific forces (sP(o), force per muscle cross-sectional area, kN/m(2)) than limb skeletal muscles. To investigate this perplexing issue, the isometric contrac...

AIMS To investigate the predictive ability of four digital assessment parameters to detect levator ani (LA) muscle defects (avulsion injury) and compare these to transperineal tomographic ultrasound images. METHODS This was an observational study imbedded in a larger quasi-experimental cohort study for women with urinary incontinence. Seventy-two women, ≥ 60 years who had attended or were goi...

The levator veli palatini (LVP) and the superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC) influence velopharyngeal patency and soft palate position, but their behavior during respiration is incompletely characterized. To further clarify their respiratory function, we recorded electromyographic activity (EMG) in the LVP and the SPC in awake normal subjects breathing orally. EMG data were obtained in six sub...

PURPOSE Many surgical techniques have been developed to address eyelid retraction with varying results. Identifying and evaluating the anatomical and pathophysiological factors involved will assist in its surgical treatment. This prospective study evaluated the graded levator hinge procedure, in combination with a Müllerectomy and/or lateral canthoplasty when indicated, in an attempt to precise...

purpose: to assess the etiology, demography, surgical management and postoperative complications of ptosis in a referral ophthalmologic center. methods: we reviewed records of 233 ptosis patients managed at labbafinejad hospital during 1998-2003. etiology, age, sex, laterality, family history, amblyopia, past medical history, margin reflex distance and levator function, type of surgery, and pos...

Thirteen patients who had ptosis surgery undertaken for disinsertion of the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris were reviewed. Pre-operatively all the patients had characteristic clinical signs of levator disinsertion which was confirmed at surgery and corrected by reposition of the disinserted aponeurosis. Five of these patients were initially mistakenly diagnosed as having a neuro...