Q1: What is the likely diagnosis? The differential diagnosis of calf swelling includes deep vein thrombophlebitis, a popliteal cyst, popliteal varices or artery aneurysm, ganglia, neural tumours, sarcoma, and haemangioma. When the swelling is associated with tenderness, diagnostic considerations should include tear of medial head of gastrocnemius or plantaris muscles, cellulitis, fasciitis, com...

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular disease and is believed to represent a "barometer" of systemic endothelial health. Although a recent study [Padilla et al. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 235: 1287-1291, 2010] in pigs confirmed a strong correlation between brachial and femoral artery endothelial function, it is unclear to what extent brachial ar...

Treatment of the lesions located in popliteal artery and superficial femoral are potentially clinical challenge because long length lesions, high- calcium content vessel wall inside plaques, individual dynamic forces found within these vessels. Intraluminal or subintimal recanalization lumen is achieved mostly by ipsilateral antegrade contralateral retrograde approach treatment total occlusion ...

An 82-year-old-man with a previous history of atrial fibrillation was admitted with acute limb ischemia. Emergent embolectomy was performed, but after the operation, the patient suffered from recurrent ischemic pain. Peripheral angiography revealed thrombosis of the distal popliteal artery due to pre-existing peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Bypass surgery of the popliteal artery and post...

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is an uncommon condition resulting from an abnormal anatomic relationship between the popliteal artery and the surrounding musculature. The compression created by this variance in anatomy can lead to ischemia and vascular claudication. The diagnosis of PAES requires a thorough patient history and physical exam, a high index of suspicion, and dedicated...

The third head of Gastrocnemius has gained significance in recent years due to the advent of sports and high stakes involved in this area. More cases of young athletes with popliteal artery entrapment are seen. Early diagnosis is of great importance in order to avoid vascular complications, and aid in athletes' early rehabilitation. Increased awareness of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome co...

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a relatively rare condition that occurs in young patients as a result of anomalous anatomic relationships between the popliteal artery and the surrounding musculotendinous structures. Patients usually lack atherogenic risk factors and most commonly present with intermittent claudication in the early stages. In the later stages of undiagnosed PAES, ...

Peripheral arterial disease involvement of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) is common. Different endovascular techniques are used successfully for revascularization of this artery. A retrograde approach to chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the SFA through the ipsilateral popliteal artery has been used occasionally if an antegrade approach is not feasible or has failed. Some of the known comp...

Popliteal artery entrapment (PAE) is an uncommon syndrome. Although this phenomenon can cause claudication in younger populations, other clinical features may vary. The present report describes a case of a 48-year-old woman who was referred for treatment of a pulsatile mass in the right popliteal fossa. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated popliteal aneurysm asso...

A 70-year-old man visited the outpatient clinic with complaints of a large pulsating mass with ulceration at the left popliteal fossa (A) and a recent episode of bleeding, which stopped after compression. A mass of about 1.5 cm in size was detected by the patient first at 18 month previously, but he did not seek medical help. At his current admission, he only complained of tingling and numbness...