At present, most of Iran is free of bovine tuberculosis (TB). The strategy of control and eradication in Iran involves a tuberculation test and slaughter of reactors, a procedure transformed the present-day prevalence of TB into a sporadic occurrence. This paper describes the first report of bovine tuberculosis in a European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) in Iran. The deer was emaciated and found...

I t is an honour for me to reflect on a momentous period in the evolution of South Africa’s Public Health. In 1979, Wits University appointed its first full-time Chair of Community Health to a post, which had been approved four years earlier. The delay in filling the post was a product of bureaucratic challenge and uncertainty around the job description of the incumbent. The bureaucratic challe...

In 1996, four provinces of Iran experienced below replacement level fertility. Since the early 1980s, these provinces have recorded lower fertility than the national level. How and under what condition has fertility declined to such a low level in these provinces? It may be of considerable interest to examine whether these provinces can be regarded as the leaders of the fertility transition in ...

The literature documenting fertility transition in developing countries, including Iran, have largely focused on the determinants of fertility decline and less attention was given to the impact of the decline on women’s lives. Using longitudinal retrospective data from 2009 Tehran Fertility Survey, this study examined the impact of contraceptive use and delaying childbearing on women’ education...

Microbial biology is undergoing a renaissance, and in this special section we explore bursts of progress in areas ranging from how pathogens invade cells to the origins of life. News reports beginning on this page focus on the extremophiles--unusual microbes that flourish in harsh conditions--while the Articles that follow probe a broad range of topics, including plant-microbe interactions and ...

This study explores the post-adoption effect of internet business solutions (IBS) on business value creation, as measured by firm revenues, direct and indirect costs, and investment satisfaction for a sample of 254 smalland medium-sized enterprises (SME). In addition, the study tests how well the much-discussed Revolutionary and Evolutionary views of e-business strategy fit the data. The result...