BACKGROUND Since the last series of guidelines on the management of osteoporosis from Osteoporosis Australia was published in Australian Family Physician (October 2002), there have been further advances in our understanding of the treatment involved in both the prevention of bone loss and the management of established osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE This article provides updated guidelines for the ma...

Osteoporosis is a major health problem among aging people and occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women. Various risk factors have been identified that are associated with the development of osteoporosis [1-6]. Among those factors, estrogen (Es) deficiency is well known to increase the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In addition, cadmium (Cd) is a well-known chemical risk factor for ost...

Extensive studies on cross talk between immune and skeletal systems in autoimmune diseases give rise to a new discipline of 'osteoimmunology', which explores the molecular regulation of osteoclasts by immune system. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is recognized as a cytokine driven disease, but the mechanism that how estrogen deficiency interplaying with cytokines to stimulate bone loss remains to ...

The concept of dynamic permeability is reviewed. Modeling of seismic wave propagation using dynamic permeability is important for analyzing data as a function of frequency. In those systems where the intrinsic attenuation of the wave is caused in large part by viscous losses due to the presence of fluids, the dynamic permeability provides a very convenient and surprisingly universal model of th...

This article explores the effects of the current economic crisis from the perspective of who wins and who loses among employees and executives. While both executives and employees have suffered financially from this recession, employee losses are disproportionately more profound and are likely to have more lasting impact than losses experienced by executives. In a number of instances, executive...

Archer fish can shoot down insect prey with a sharp jet of water. Fish usually fire from positions that are not directly below their target so that a dislodged insect falls ballistically with a horizontal velocity component. Only 100 ms after the insect is on its path both the shooter and other school members can initiate a rapid turn and then head straight in the direction of the later point o...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the criteria for the prescription of oral bisphosphonates (OB) in a series of women with osteoporosis referred for tooth extraction. STUDY DESIGN The study included 38 postmenopausal women on treatment with OBs. The following variables were analysed: age, weight, height, type of OB and duration of treatment, bone densitometry and risk factors for osteoporosis. In additio...

We describe a method capable of quantitatively measuring the visual acuity of small, eccentrically-located areas of the visual field, even within the macular area. Fixation errors are minimized by presenting stimuli briefly and in random order. The method is more sensitive than Bjerrum screen campimetry in detecting hemianopic and quadrantic losses.

Osteoporosis, the main clinical consequence of which is osteoporotic fracture, affects 1 in 6 Canadian women over the age of 50. About 40% of white women 50 years of age in Canada will have an osteoporotic fracture during their remaining lifetime: 15.6% will experience a vertebral fracture, 16.0% a wrist fracture and 17.5% a hip fracture. The recommendations in this statement apply to most post...