in this work, a novel zr02+ pvc-based membrane sensor based on 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexa oxa-1,10- diazabicyclo[8,8,8]- hexa cosane (hodbhc) as a new ionophore is presented. the sensor displays a linear dynamic rangebetween 1.0x 10-1 and 1.0x10 6 m, with a near nernstian slope of 29.9 ± 0.4 mv per decade in an acidic solution(ph=1). the limit of detection is 8.0 x 1 0 7 m. the electrodes possess adv...

The application of direct-current differential electrolytic potentiometry to the nonaqueous titration of amino acids was investigated. The basic character of amino acids in acetic acid was enhanced to permit their direct titration with perchloric acid. A pair of antimony electrodes was used as an indicating system. The shapes of the titration curves obtained were almost symmetrical with sharp p...

The work described here comprises the determination of Fe(III) by ion selective potentiometry using a coated-wire ion-selective electrode (CWISE) based on iron–cyclam complex. Linear Nernstian response for this electrode was obtained over the total Fe(III) concentration range of 1× 10−2 to 1× 10−6 M in 0.05 M HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HCl, KNO3 and KCl media, with a slope of 60± 5 mV per decade chang...

We show that Friedel charge oscillation near an interface opens a gap at the Fermi energy for electrons with wave vectors perpendicular to the interface. If the Friedel gaps on two sides of the interface are different, a nonequilibrium effect—shifting of these gaps under bias—leads to asymmetric transport upon reversing the bias polarity. The predicted transport asymmetry is revealed by scannin...

Location and types of sensors may be integrated for simultaneous achievement of water security goals and other water utility objectives, such as regulatory monitoring requirements. Complying with the recent recommendations on dual benefits of sensors, this study addresses the optimal location of these types of sensors in a multipurpose approach. The study presents two mathematical models for ...

the drought continuity and also restricting watery sources caused agriculture section forgetold flooding methods for optimum water exploitation and proceeding new irrigation systems.new generation of irrigation systems called intelligent systems is a new solution leading toexploiting water increase to higher than 80%. in order to measure sensors and to controlprocessors in designing and dismoun...