We describe a polarization Sagnac interferometer with an in-loop half-wave plate that allows signal detection at the reciprocal port of the beam splitter while maintaining the ability to detect the signal at a dark fringe. Postmodulation and balanced heterodyne detection are used to recover the signal. This topology is simple to control because of its common-path characteristics and its colline...

We report a stable passive second-harmonic mode-locked all-normal-dispersion ytterbium fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization evolution. This fiber laser has two polarization beam splitter output ports for optimizing the output spectrum 5 ps duration pulses with 187 mW average power being generated at the harmonic repetition rate of 99.6 MHz. By use of a pair of gratings to extracavity com...

A new bunch-length measuring method has been developed to measure the subpicosecond electron pulses generated at the Stanford SUNSHINE facility. This method utilizes a far-infrared Michelson interferometer to measure coherent transition radiation emitted at wavelengths longer than or equal to the bunch length via optical autocorrelation. To analyze the measurement, a simple and systematic way h...

A new frequency-resolved bunch-length measuring system has been developed at the Stanford SUNSHINE facility to characterize subpicosecond electron pulses. Using a far-infrared Michelson interferometer, this method measures the spectrum of coherent transition radiation emitted from electron bunches through optical autocorrelation. The electron bunch length is obtained from the measurement with a...

With the increase in the number and bandwidth of services that must be offered by an access network, and the unpredictability of the range of services that users might demand in future, it is essential that long term solutions are investigated for designing scalable and dynamic optical access networks. This paper provides an adaptive and scalable design for the access network architecture based...

Design and fabrication of a 2×2 two-mode interference (TMI) coupler based on-chip polarization splitter is presented. By changing the angle between the access waveguides, one can tune the effective TMI length for the mode with less optical confinement (transverse magnetic, TM) to coincide with the target TMI length for a desired transmission of the mode with higher optical confinement (transver...

We discuss the design of weakly guided multimode interference (MMI) devices using a genetic algorithm. For devices exhibiting a nonnegligible vertical waveguide offset, such as those produced using ion exchange in glass, three-dimensional modeling is required to properly evaluate the device performance. A combination of semivectorial finite difference modeling in two transverse dimensions and m...

A beam splitter is a basic linear optical element appearing in many optics experiments and is frequently used as a continuous-variable entangler transforming a pair of input modes from a separable Gaussian state into an entangled state. However, a beam splitter is a passive operation that can create entanglement from Gaussian states only under certain conditions. One such condition is that the ...