-Energy efficiency of the wireless sensor network mainly depends on the Routing protocols. In this paper two hierarchal protocols are used. There are various hierarchal protocols but we will discuss the two protocols i.e. LEACH and PEGASIS. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System (PEGASIS). Hierarchal protocol uses the data agg...

The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of different volumes of methylene blue solution injected into the epidural space in anaesthetized pregnant and non-pregnant sheep, to evaluate its cranial distribution and to compare between them. Fifteen pregnant and fifteen non-pregnant sheep were included in the study. Sheep were anaesthetized and received 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mL/kg of a lu...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of large number of sensor nodes capable of forming instantaneous network with dynamic topology. Each node simultaneously as both router and host. Number of nodes in a WSN can vary either due to the mobility or death of nodes due to drained conditions. Low Energy Aware Cluster Hierarchy (LEACH) is a most popular dynamic clustering protocol for WSN. Deployme...

Extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and minimizing energy costs are two most significant concerns for data transmission. Sensor nodes powered by their own battery capacity, allowing them to perform critical tasks interact with other nodes. The quantity electricity saved from each together in a WSN has been strongly linked network’s longevity. Clustering conserves power tra...

Received Dec 9, 2016 Revised May 9, 2017 Accepted May 22, 2017 Wireless sensor networks (WSN), a plurality of sensors in an energy limited deliveries. the sensors are arranged randomly for many applications. Thus, the battery or download a replacement would be practical. Therefore, the energy efficient routing protocol to expand the network. In this article we propose a new cluster based Re-Lea...

In wireless sensor networks, failures occur due to energy depletion, environmental hazards, hardware failure, communication link errors, etc. These failures could prevent them to accomplish their tasks. Moreover, most routing protocols are designed for ideal environment such as LEACH. Hence, if nodes fail the performance of these protocols degrade. In this context, we propose two improved versi...