Lettuce seeds were germinated at different hydrostatic pressures and O(2) concentrations. Some combinations of pressure and O(2) concentration stimulated while others retarded germination. The highest germination rates which occurred with pressure application and added O(2) were equalled at atmospheric pressure if the O(2) concentration was increased sufficiently. Increasing pressure generally ...

Reducing the energy consumption of membrane desalination is critical to reducing its cost of water and minimizing desalination’s CO2 emissions. Hybrids of reverse osmosis (RO) with ultrapermeable membranes promise to address the efficiency, rejection, and fouling issues. In a batch reverse osmosis (BRO) process, salinity is varied over time so that the applied pressure better matches osmotic pr...

In this report, experimental investigation of waste water treatment by reverse osmosis to enable its reuse in cooling tower is presented. A polyamide spiral wound RO membrane followed by three filters as RO pretreatment (two activated carbon and one cartridge filter) and samples of Tehran refinery treated waste water have been used. The effect of operating conditions such as pressure difference...

In biological phenomena like osmosis, the rate of flow of water molecules in or out of biological compartments depends on the solute concentration and on other forces, like hydrostatic pressure. A similar example is the passive transport of ions in and out the cell membrane. In this paper, we address the problem of faithfully modelling these kind of phenomena with an adequate process calculus. ...

In biological phenomena like osmosis, the rate of flow of water molecules in or out of biological compartments depends on solute concentration and on hydrostatic pressure. A similar example of this kind of biological processes is the passive transport of ions in and out the cell membrane. In this paper, we address the problem of faithfully modeling these kind of phenomena with an adequate proce...