We compared the rejection behaviours of three hydrophobic trace organic contaminants, bisphenol A, triclosan and diclofenac, in forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO). Using erythritol, xylose and glucose as inert reference organic solutes and the membrane pore transport model, the mean effective pore size of a commercial cellulose-based FO membrane was estimated to be 0.74 nm. When NaCl...

BACKGROUND As an appropriate tool, membrane process is used for desalination of brackish water, in the production of drinking water. The present study aims to investigate desalination processes of brackish water of Qom Province in Iran. METHODS This study was carried out at the central laboratory of Water and Wastewater Company of the studied area. To this aim, membrane processes, including n...

Although bentazon is widely used as an agricultural herbicide, it is harmful to humans and poses many environmental threats. This study focused on the treatment of wastewater contaminated with bentazon pesticides using membrane technology. In this regard, low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) was employed as it has already been used in the removal of other micro-pollutants. The effects of process v...

Lettuce seeds were germinated at different hydrostatic pressures and O(2) concentrations. Some combinations of pressure and O(2) concentration stimulated while others retarded germination. The highest germination rates which occurred with pressure application and added O(2) were equalled at atmospheric pressure if the O(2) concentration was increased sufficiently. Increasing pressure generally ...

Reducing the energy consumption of membrane desalination is critical to reducing its cost of water and minimizing desalination’s CO2 emissions. Hybrids of reverse osmosis (RO) with ultrapermeable membranes promise to address the efficiency, rejection, and fouling issues. In a batch reverse osmosis (BRO) process, salinity is varied over time so that the applied pressure better matches osmotic pr...

In this report, experimental investigation of waste water treatment by reverse osmosis to enable its reuse in cooling tower is presented. A polyamide spiral wound RO membrane followed by three filters as RO pretreatment (two activated carbon and one cartridge filter) and samples of Tehran refinery treated waste water have been used. The effect of operating conditions such as pressure difference...