The present study examined whether school-age children show risk compensation and engage in greater risk taking when wearing safety gear compared to when not doing so when running an obstacle course containing hazards that could lead to physical injury. Because sensation seeking has been shown to influence risk taking, this child attribute was also assessed and related to risk compensation. Chi...

OBJECTIVE Thousands of American children are injured or killed each year as pedestrians, but behavioral factors in pedestrian injury etiology remain poorly understood. We examined the roles of children's individual differences (age, gender, and inhibitory control) and parental supervision in children's pedestrian behaviors. METHODS Using the pretend road method, a sample of 85 children and 26...

the most fundamental social entity؛ the family and the most important beads of family ؛the mother , in the process is education of social beings . living in the mother’s body for 40 weeks introduces a period during which the effectesoccur more definitely and rapidly.researcheshas shown that motherۥs addiction makes inevitableimpacton newbornchildrenwho will be exposed to addictiondiseas and soc...

This study compared mothers’ and newborns’ temperatures (T) when the WHO recommended skin-to-skin contact (SSC) was practiced during cesarean section under regional anesthesia. 139 neonates were randomized to be left in their mothers’ arms warmed by a forced air warmer (SSC-FAW) or put in an incubator. Maternal and newborn rectal T was recorded immediately after birth, at 5, 10 and 15 minute in...

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) was established shortly after the Guthrie test for screening newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) was introduced. The NICHD supported the study demonstrating the long-term efficacy of screening and a low-phenylalanine diet in preventing mental retardation. With the identification of the adverse impact on fetal development...

Syphilis in pregnancy can cause considerable fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is endemic in the developing world but it is now resurgent in the developed world. Maternal syphilis can result in fetal infection leading to fetal and neonatal harm. Mid-trimester miscarriages, stillbirths, low birth weight, prematurity, congenital syphilis and neonatal deaths are all the results of syp...

mother and her offspring include high rates of school dropout, low-birth-weight infants, poor health and poverty.4 In addition, teenage childbearing results in considerable financial costs to taxpayers and society.5 A significant amount of attention and energy has been devoted to the prevention of teenage pregnancy through, for example, school-based programs to increase condom use, sexuality ed...

women who required PCN treatment, all of whom received PCN prior to delivery with only 1 woman experiencing a possible adverse event. The only congenital case occurred in a mother with no prenatal care, suggesting a need for a strategy to identify marginalised women with syphilis early in pregnancy. Although the average time to contact these patients was short, the time to administration of 1st...