OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE despite recent progress in imaging, it is still difficult to distinguish between pituitary adenoma and hyperplasia, even using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with gadolinium injection. We describe an example of reactive pituitary hyperplasia from primary hypothyroidism that mimicked a pituitary macroadenoma in a child. CLINICAL PRESENTATION a 10 year old boy present...

Secondary pituitary enlargement due to primary hypothyroidism is not a common manifestation. The loss of thyroxin feedback inhibition in primary hypothyroidism causes overproduction of thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH), which results in secondary pituitary enlargement. TRH has a weak stimulatory effect on the lactotroph cells of the pituitary, so a mild to moderate increase in prolactin (PRL)...

Thyroid disease is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. Hypothyroidism can result from any a variety abnormalities that lead to insufficient synthesis thyroid hormones. dysfunction prevalence rising at an alarming rate in Indian population, more among females. In modern science, treatment hypothyroidism done by thyroxine hormone therapy for long time but this medication seve...

Objective: Studies of hypothyroidism are often based on referred patients, and limited information is available on the incidence rates of subtypes of hypothyroidism in the general population. We therefore studied incidences of subtypes of primary, overt hypothyroidism in a Danish population cohort and compared incidences in two subcohorts with different levels of iodine intake. Design: A prospe...

This study evaluated the prevalence of hypothyroidism in hyponatremic patients varying severity. prospective cross-sectional was conducted at Medicine department Bakhtawar Amin Trust Hospital Multan from 19th March 2020 to 2021. registry data assessed patient's serum sodium, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin level. The study's primary outcome T4 < 1.01 ng/dL TSH > 10.0 μIU/mL. A total 243 q...

Symptoms and signs of the hypothyroidism vary in relation to the magnitude and acuteness of the thyroid hormone deficiency. The usual clinical features are constipation, fatigue, cold intolerance and weight gain. Rarely it can present with neurologic problems like reversible cerebellar ataxia, dementia, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis and coma. Hypothyroidism should be suspected in all cases o...

Adrenal function might be impaired in patients with primary hypothyroidism. The objective was to evaluate adrenocortical function using the low-dose cosyntropin test in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Consequently a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study of sixty adult patients with primary hypothyroidism was carried out. Patients naïve to L-T4 treatment were compared with control pa...

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is the most common endocrine disorder in hypothalamic-pituitary axis and has been reported in variable levels in patients with overt primary hypothyroidism. We decided to determine the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and clinical related symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism patients. Methods: In this cross sectional study, prolactin levels of 481 subclinical hy...