Osmanlı şehri, muhtelif müesseseler ihtiva eden ve bunları bir ahenk içerisinde yöneten nev-i şahsına münhasır yapıya sahiptir. şehrine bu özellikleri kazandıran temel müessese ise vakıf kurumudur. Uygulaması çok eski dönemlere dayanan hukukî çerçevesi Müslümanlar tarafından çizilen vakıflar, döneminde hem hukuk de uygulama alanlarında zirveye ulaşmış, şehirler müessesesi ile inşa edilmiştir. ş...

I evaluate a reform in India which sought to provide a second teacher to all one-teacher primary schools. The central government paid for 140,000 teachers, which is 8% of the pre-reform stock of primary-level teachers. I find that less than half of these teachers were sent to the intended place. Additionally, teachers per school did not increase and class size did not decrease. The only effect ...

BACKGROUND In China, there is a large migrant population. A significant proportion of children of the migrant population in China are not able to attend public schools due to the lack of local household registration (HuKou). They turn to privately-operated migrant schools, which are usually under-funded, have bad environmental facilities and are inadequately staffed compared to public schools. ...

BACKGROUND To unravel the effect of school-based nutrition education, insight into the implementation process is needed. In this study, process indicators of Taste Lessons (a nutrition education programme for Dutch elementary schools) and their association with changes in behavioural determinants relevant to healthy eating behaviour are studied. METHODS The study sample consisted of 392 Dutch...

The aim of this study was to examine the changes and differences by gender and urban/rural status in primary and secondary school enrollment, school utilization, and continuation ratios in Pakistan between 1975 and 1985. The government in its 5-year plans had targeted increases in school enrollment which were not met. Progress has been slow and nearly 50% of school-age children do not attend ...