Thoracoscopy is a highly effective procedure for treating spontaneous pneumothorax. This article describes the lesions of pneumothorax and reviews four stages of spontaneous pneumothorax, as well as treatment by thoracoscopy.

Spontaneous pneumothorax complicating pregnancy is rare. Only 55 cases have been reported till now. We describe a case of a 30-year-old Indian woman with spontaneous pneumothorax during her 28(th) week of pregnancy.

related to the cause. For ventilator-associated pneumothorax, the type of treatment is ‘set in stone’: chest tube drainage is required. This was based on a retrospective study in 74 patients that was published almost 4 decades ago [4] , which reported signs of a tension component in 95% and a high mortality rate of 30% if drainage was delayed. However, in the observational study by Wu et al. [5...